--- title: 1 Samuel 22:8 — that all of you have conspired against me, and there was none that d… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: that all of you have conspired against me, and there was none that disclosed it to me when my son made a league with the son of Jesse, and there is none of you that is sorry for me, or discloseth unto me that my son hath stirred up my servant against me, to lie in wait, as at this day?' Who acts: al --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/22/) / 22:8 # 1 Samuel 22:8 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** all, son, none · **What happens:** conspire, disclose, make, be, stir up, lie · **To what, where:** captain, me, league, servant, wait This is 1 Samuel 22:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — all, son, none — and what happens in the verse to captain, me, league, servant, wait, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּי֩ קְשַׁרְתֶּ֨ם כֻּלְּכֶ֜ם עָלַ֗י וְאֵין־גֹּלֶ֤ה אֶת־אָזְנִי֙ בִּכְרָת־בְּנִ֣י עִם־בֶּן־יִשַׁ֔י וְאֵין־חֹלֶ֥ה מִכֶּ֛ם עָלַ֖י וְגֹלֶ֣ה אֶת־אָזְנִ֑י כִּ֣י הֵקִים֩ בְּנִ֨י אֶת־עַבְדִּ֥י עָלַ֛י לְאֹרֵ֖ב כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ס [that all of you have conspired against me, and there was none that disclosed it to me when my son made a league with the son of Jesse, and there is none of you that is sorry for me, or discloseth unto me that my son hath stirred up my servant against me, to lie in wait, as at this day?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.644/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:583 # text = כִּי֩ קְשַׁרְתֶּ֨ם כֻּלְּכֶ֜ם עָלַ֗י וְאֵין־גֹּלֶ֤ה אֶת־אָזְנִי֙ בִּכְרָת־בְּנִ֣י עִם־בֶּן־יִשַׁ֔י וְאֵין־חֹלֶ֥ה מִכֶּ֛ם עָלַ֖י וְגֹלֶ֣ה אֶת־אָזְנִ֑י כִּ֣י הֵקִים֩ בְּנִ֨י אֶת־עַבְדִּ֥י עָלַ֛י לְאֹרֵ֖ב כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ס # verse = 1SA.22.8 1 כִּי֩ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 2 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=1SA_22:8!1|MId=o090220080011|Strong=3588 2 קְשַׁרְתֶּ֨ם קָשַׁר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.have.conspired|Ref=1SA_22:8!2|MId=o090220080021|Strong=7194|Frame=A0:090220080032;|Type=qatal 3-4 כֻּלְּכֶ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כֻּלּ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=of.you|Ref=1SA_22:8!3|MId=o090220080031|Strong=3605 4 ְכֶ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_22:8!3|MId=o090220080032|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 5-6 עָלַ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 עָל עַל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_22:8!4|MId=o090220080041|Strong=5921 6 ַ֗י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_22:8!4|MId=o090220080042|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 7-8 וְאֵין־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:8!5|MId=o090220080051|Strong=2050b 8 אֵין־ אַיִן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=1SA_22:8!5|MId=o090220080052|Strong=0369|Type=negative 9 גֹּלֶ֤ה גָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=[one.who].opens|Ref=1SA_22:8!6|MId=o090220080061|Strong=1540|Frame=A1:090220080081;|Type=participle_active 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_22:8!7|MId=o090220080071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 אָזְנִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 אָזְנ אֹזֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=ear|Ref=1SA_22:8!8|MId=o090220080081|Strong=0241 12 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_22:8!8|MId=o090220080082|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 13-14 בִּכְרָת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=1SA_22:8!9|MId=o090220080091|Strong=0871a 14 כְרָת־ כָּרַת VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 advcl _ Gloss=makes|Ref=1SA_22:8!9|MId=o090220080092|Strong=3772|Frame=A0:090220080101;|Type=infinitive_construct 15-16 בְּנִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בְּנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ Gloss=son|Ref=1SA_22:8!10|MId=o090220080101|Strong=1121 16 ִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_22:8!10|MId=o090220080102|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 17 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_22:8!11|MId=o090220080111|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 18 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=1SA_22:8!12|MId=o090220080121|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 19 יִשַׁ֔י יִשַׁי PROPN _ _ 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jesse|Ref=1SA_22:8!13|MId=o090220080131|Strong=3448 20-21 וְאֵין־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:8!14|MId=o090220080141|Strong=2050b 21 אֵין־ אַיִן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=1SA_22:8!14|MId=o090220080142|Strong=0369|Type=negative 22 חֹלֶ֥ה חָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ Gloss=[one.who].feels.pain|Ref=1SA_22:8!15|MId=o090220080151|Strong=2470|Type=participle_active 23-24 מִכֶּ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_22:8!16|MId=o090220080161|Strong=4480 24 כֶּ֛ם מִן PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ Gloss=of.you|Ref=1SA_22:8!16|MId=o090220080162|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 25-26 עָלַ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 עָל עַל ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_22:8!17|MId=o090220080171|Strong=5921 26 ַ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_22:8!17|MId=o090220080172|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 27-28 וְגֹלֶ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_22:8!18|MId=o090220080181|Strong=2050b 28 גֹלֶ֣ה גָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 22 conj _ Gloss=opening|Ref=1SA_22:8!18|MId=o090220080182|Strong=1540|Frame=A2:090220080201;A1:090220080221;|Type=participle_active 29 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_22:8!19|MId=o090220080191|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 30-31 אָזְנִ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 אָזְנ אֹזֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 28 obj _ Gloss=ear|Ref=1SA_22:8!20|MId=o090220080201|Strong=0241 31 ִ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_22:8!20|MId=o090220080202|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 32 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 33 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1SA_22:8!21|MId=o090220080211|Strong=3588 33 הֵקִים֩ קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 28 xcomp _ Gloss=he.has.raised.up|Ref=1SA_22:8!22|MId=o090220080221|Strong=6965|Frame=AA:090220080231;A0:090220080251;|Type=qatal 34-35 בְּנִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 בְּנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ Gloss=son|Ref=1SA_22:8!23|MId=o090220080231|Strong=1121 35 ִ֨י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_22:8!23|MId=o090220080232|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 36 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_22:8!24|MId=o090220080241|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 37-38 עַבְדִּ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 עַבְדּ עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 obj _ Gloss=servant|Ref=1SA_22:8!25|MId=o090220080251|Strong=5650 38 ִ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_22:8!25|MId=o090220080252|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 39-40 עָלַ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 עָל עַל ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_22:8!26|MId=o090220080261|Strong=5921 40 ַ֛י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 33 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_22:8!26|MId=o090220080262|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 41-42 לְאֹרֵ֖ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_22:8!27|MId=o090220080271|Strong=3807a 42 אֹרֵ֖ב אָרַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 33 obl _ Gloss=an.ambusher|Ref=1SA_22:8!27|MId=o090220080272|Strong=0693|Type=participle_active 43-45 כַּיּ֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=as|Ref=1SA_22:8!28|MId=o090220080281|Strong=3509a 44 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 45 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_22:8!28|MId=o090220080281ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 45 יּ֥וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=1SA_22:8!28|MId=o090220080282|Strong=3117 46-47 הַזֶּֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 47 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_22:8!29|MId=o090220080291|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 47 זֶּֽה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 45 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_22:8!29|MId=o090220080292|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 48 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 47 punct _ Ref=1SA_22:8!29|SpaceAfter=No 49 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 47 punct _ Ref=1SA_22:8!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** קְשַׁרְתֶּם *you have conspired* | qatal · qal | ְכֶם *all* | | | | | גֹּלֶה *\[one who\] opens* | participle active · qal | | אָזְנ *ear* | | | | כְרָת־ *makes* | infinitive construct · qal | בְּנ *son* | | | | | גֹלֶה *opening* | participle active · qal | | הֵקִים *he has raised up* | אָזְנ *ear* | | | הֵקִים *he has raised up* | qatal · hiphil | עַבְדּ *servant* | | | בְּנ *son* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲרֵי מְרַדְתּוּן כֻּלְכוֹן עֲלֵי וְלֵית דְחַוֵי לִי כַּד גְזַר קְיַם בְּרִי עִם בַר יִשַׁי וְלֵית דְכָאִיב מִנְכוֹן עֲלַי וּמְחַוֵי לִי אֲרֵי אָקִים בְּרִי יַת עַבְדִי עֲלֵי לִכְמָנָא כְּיוֹמָא הָדֵין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [that all of you have conspired against me, and there was none that disclosed it to me when my son made a league with the son of Jesse, and there is none of you that is sorry for me, or discloseth unto me that my son hath stirred up my servant against me, to lie in wait, as at this day?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.644/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:583`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 22:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.7/) - next →: [1 Samuel 22:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.22.9/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/22/)