--- title: 1 Samuel 23:10 — Then said David: 'O LORD, the God of Israel, Thy servant hath surely… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then said David: 'O LORD, the God of Israel, Thy servant hath surely heard that Saul seeketh to come to Keilah, to destroy the city for my sake. Who acts: David, servant, Saul. 1 Samuel 23:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/23/) / 23:10 # 1 Samuel 23:10 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, servant, Saul · **What happens:** say, hear, seek, come, destroy · **To what, where:** Keilah, city · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 23:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, servant, Saul — and what happens in the verse to Keilah, city, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּאמֶר֮ דָּוִד֒ יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שָׁמֹ֤עַ שָׁמַע֙ עַבְדְּךָ֔ כִּֽי־מְבַקֵּ֥שׁ שָׁא֖וּל לָב֣וֹא אֶל־קְעִילָ֑ה לְשַׁחֵ֥ת לָעִ֖יר בַּעֲבוּרִֽי׃ [Then said David: 'O LORD, the God of Israel, Thy servant hath surely heard that Saul seeketh to come to Keilah, to destroy the city for my sake.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.672/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:608 # text = וַיֹּאמֶר֮ דָּוִד֒ יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שָׁמֹ֤עַ שָׁמַע֙ עַבְדְּךָ֔ כִּֽי־מְבַקֵּ֥שׁ שָׁא֖וּל לָב֣וֹא אֶל־קְעִילָ֑ה לְשַׁחֵ֥ת לָעִ֖יר בַּעֲבוּרִֽי׃ # verse = 1SA.23.10 1-2 וַיֹּאמֶר֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:10!1|MId=o090230100011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּאמֶר֮ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_23:10!1|MId=o090230100012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090230100021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִד֒ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_23:10!2|MId=o090230100021|Strong=1732 4 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 8 dislocated _ Gloss=O.Yahweh|Ref=1SA_23:10!3|MId=o090230100031|Strong=3068 5 אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 appos _ Gloss=the.God|Ref=1SA_23:10!4|MId=o090230100041|Strong=0430 6 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1SA_23:10!5|MId=o090230100051|Strong=3478 7 שָׁמֹ֤עַ שָׁמַע VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 8 obl:npmod _ Gloss=certainly.(hear)|Ref=1SA_23:10!6|MId=o090230100061|Strong=8085|Type=infinitive_absolute 8 שָׁמַע֙ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=he.has.heard|Ref=1SA_23:10!7|MId=o090230100071|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:090230100081;A1:090230100101;|Type=qatal 9-10 עַבְדְּךָ֔ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 עַבְדּ עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=servant|Ref=1SA_23:10!8|MId=o090230100081|Strong=5650 10 ְךָ֔ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_23:10!8|MId=o090230100082|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 11 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1SA_23:10!9|MId=o090230100091|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 12 מְבַקֵּ֥שׁ בָּקַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 8 ccomp _ Gloss=[is].seeking|Ref=1SA_23:10!10|MId=o090230100101|Strong=1245|Frame=A0:090230100111;|Type=participle_active 13 שָׁא֖וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 12 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_23:10!11|MId=o090230100111|Strong=7586 14-15 לָב֣וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_23:10!12|MId=o090230100121|Strong=3807a 15 ב֣וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 12 advcl _ Gloss=come|Ref=1SA_23:10!12|MId=o090230100122|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090230100111;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_23:10!13|MId=o090230100131|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 17 קְעִילָ֑ה קְעִילָה PROPN _ _ 15 obl _ Gloss=Keilah|Ref=1SA_23:10!14|MId=o090230100141|Strong=7084 18-19 לְשַׁחֵ֥ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_23:10!15|MId=o090230100151|Strong=3807a 19 שַׁחֵ֥ת שָׁחַת VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 15 advcl _ Gloss=destroy|Ref=1SA_23:10!15|MId=o090230100152|Strong=7843|Frame=A0:090230100111;|Type=infinitive_construct 20-22 לָעִ֖יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=1SA_23:10!16|MId=o090230100161|Strong=3807a 21 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_23:10!16|MId=o090230100161ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 עִ֖יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=1SA_23:10!16|MId=o090230100162|Strong=5892 23-25 בַּעֲבוּרִֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=because|Ref=1SA_23:10!17|MId=o090230100171|Strong=0871a 24 עֲבוּר עָבוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_23:10!17|MId=o090230100172|Strong=5668 25 ִֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 nmod _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_23:10!17|MId=o090230100173|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=1SA_23:10!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | שָׁמַע *he has heard* | qatal · qal | עַבְדּ *servant* | מְבַקֵּשׁ *\[is\] seeking* | | | | מְבַקֵּשׁ *\[is\] seeking* | participle active · piel | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | בוֹא *come* | infinitive construct · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | שַׁחֵת *destroy* | infinitive construct · piel | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר דָוִד יְיָ אֱלָהָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל מִשְׁמַע שְׁמַע עַבְדָךְ אֲרֵי בָעֵי שָׁאוּל לְמֵיעַל לִקְעִילָה לְחַבָּלָא לְקַרְתָּא בְּדִילִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then said David: 'O LORD, the God of Israel, Thy servant hath surely heard that Saul seeketh to come to Keilah, to destroy the city for my sake.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.672/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:608`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 23:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.9/) - next →: [1 Samuel 23:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.11/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/23/)