--- title: 1 Samuel 23:13 — Then David and his men, who were about six hundred, arose and depart… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then David and his men, who were about six hundred, arose and departed out of Keilah, and went whithersoever they could go. And it was told Saul that David was escaped from Keilah; and he forbore to go forth. Who acts: men, David. 1 Samuel 23:13 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, J --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/23/) / 23:13 # 1 Samuel 23:13 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** men, David · **What happens:** be, arise, depart, go, tell, escape · **To what, where:** six hundred, Keilah, Saul, David · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 23:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, David — and what happens in the verse to six hundred, Keilah, Saul, David, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּקָם֩ דָּוִ֨ד וַאֲנָשָׁ֜יו כְּשֵׁשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת אִ֗ישׁ וַיֵּצְאוּ֙ מִקְּעִלָ֔ה וַיִּֽתְהַלְּכ֖וּ בַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יִתְהַלָּ֑כוּ וּלְשָׁא֣וּל הֻגַּ֗ד כִּֽי־נִמְלַ֤ט דָּוִד֙ מִקְּעִילָ֔ה וַיֶּחְדַּ֖ל לָצֵֽאת׃ [Then David and his men, who were about six hundred, arose and departed out of Keilah, and went whithersoever they could go.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.675/) [And it was told Saul that David was escaped from Keilah; and he forbore to go forth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.676/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:611 # text = וַיָּקָם֩ דָּוִ֨ד וַאֲנָשָׁ֜יו כְּשֵׁשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת אִ֗ישׁ וַיֵּצְאוּ֙ מִקְּעִלָ֔ה וַיִּֽתְהַלְּכ֖וּ בַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יִתְהַלָּ֑כוּ וּלְשָׁא֣וּל הֻגַּ֗ד כִּֽי־נִמְלַ֤ט דָּוִד֙ מִקְּעִילָ֔ה וַיֶּחְדַּ֖ל לָצֵֽאת׃ # verse = 1SA.23.13 1-2 וַיָּקָם֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:13!1|MId=o090230130011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּקָם֩ קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.arose|Ref=1SA_23:13!1|MId=o090230130012|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:090230130021;090230130032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִ֨ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_23:13!2|MId=o090230130021|Strong=1732 4-6 וַאֲנָשָׁ֜יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:13!3|MId=o090230130031|Strong=2050b 5 אֲנָשָׁ֜י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 conj _ Gloss=men|Ref=1SA_23:13!3|MId=o090230130032|Strong=0376 6 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_23:13!3|MId=o090230130033|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7-8 כְּשֵׁשׁ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=about|Ref=1SA_23:13!4|MId=o090230130041|Strong=3509a 8 שֵׁשׁ־ שֵׁשׁ NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 nummod _ Gloss=six|Ref=1SA_23:13!4|MId=o090230130042|Strong=8337|Type=cardinal_number 9 מֵא֣וֹת מֵאָה NUM _ Number=Plur 8 flat _ Gloss=hundred(s)|Ref=1SA_23:13!5|MId=o090230130051|Strong=3967|Type=cardinal_number 10 אִ֗ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ Gloss=man|Ref=1SA_23:13!6|MId=o090230130061|Strong=0376 11-12 וַיֵּצְאוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:13!7|MId=o090230130071|Strong=2050b 12 יֵּצְאוּ֙ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.went.out|Ref=1SA_23:13!7|MId=o090230130072|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:090230130021;090230130032;|Type=wayyiqtol 13-14 מִקְּעִלָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_23:13!8|MId=o090230130081|Strong=4480 14 קְּעִלָ֔ה קְעִילָה PROPN _ _ 12 obl _ Gloss=Keilah|Ref=1SA_23:13!8|MId=o090230130082|Strong=7084 15-16 וַיִּֽתְהַלְּכ֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:13!9|MId=o090230130091|Strong=2050b 16 יִּֽתְהַלְּכ֖וּ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.went.about|Ref=1SA_23:13!9|MId=o090230130092|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090230130021;090230130032;|Type=wayyiqtol 17-18 בַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 obl _ Gloss=at|Ref=1SA_23:13!10|MId=o090230130101|Strong=0871a 18 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=where|Ref=1SA_23:13!10|MId=o090230130102|Strong=0834|Type=relative 19 יִתְהַלָּ֑כוּ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 17 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.went.about|Ref=1SA_23:13!11|MId=o090230130111|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090230130021;090230130032;|Type=yiqtol 20-22 וּלְשָׁא֣וּל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:13!12|MId=o090230130121|Strong=2050b 21 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_23:13!12|MId=o090230130122|Strong=3807a 22 שָׁא֣וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 23 obl _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_23:13!12|MId=o090230130123|Strong=7586 23 הֻגַּ֗ד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was.told|Ref=1SA_23:13!13|MId=o090230130131|Strong=5046|Frame=A1:090230130151;|Type=qatal 24 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1SA_23:13!14|MId=o090230130141|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 25 נִמְלַ֤ט מָלַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 23 nsubj _ Gloss=he.had.escaped|Ref=1SA_23:13!15|MId=o090230130151|Strong=4422|Frame=A0:090230130161;|Type=qatal 26 דָּוִד֙ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 25 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_23:13!16|MId=o090230130161|Strong=1732 27-28 מִקְּעִילָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_23:13!17|MId=o090230130171|Strong=4480 28 קְּעִילָ֔ה קְעִילָה PROPN _ _ 25 obl _ Gloss=Keilah|Ref=1SA_23:13!17|MId=o090230130172|Strong=7084 29-30 וַיֶּחְדַּ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:13!18|MId=o090230130181|Strong=2050b 30 יֶּחְדַּ֖ל חָדַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.ceased|Ref=1SA_23:13!18|MId=o090230130182|Strong=2308|Frame=A0:090230130123;|Type=wayyiqtol 31-32 לָצֵֽאת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_23:13!19|MId=o090230130191|Strong=3807a 32 צֵֽאת יָצָא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 30 xcomp _ Gloss=go.forth|Ref=1SA_23:13!19|MId=o090230130192|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:090230130123;|Type=infinitive_construct 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=1SA_23:13!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּקָם *he arose* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* + אֲנָשָׁי *men* | | | | | יֵּצְאוּ *they went out* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* + אֲנָשָׁי *men* | | | | | יִּֽתְהַלְּכוּ *they went about* | wayyiqtol · hithpael | דָּוִד *David* + אֲנָשָׁי *men* | | | | | יִתְהַלָּכוּ *they went about* | yiqtol · hithpael | דָּוִד *David* + אֲנָשָׁי *men* | | | | | הֻגַּד *it was told* | qatal · hophal | | נִמְלַט *he had escaped* | | | | נִמְלַט *he had escaped* | qatal · niphal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | יֶּחְדַּל *he ceased* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | צֵֽאת *go forth* | infinitive construct · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְקָם דָוִד וְגַבְרוֹהִי כְּשִׁית מְאָה גַבְרָא וּנְפַקוּ מִקְעִילָה וְהַלִיכוּ בַּאֲתַר דְכָשַׁר לְהַלָכָא וּלְשָׁאוּל אִתְחַוָא אֲרֵי אִשְׁתֵּיזֵיב דָוִד מִקְעִילָה וְאִתְמְנַע מִלְמִפַּק: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then David and his men, who were about six hundred, arose and departed out of Keilah, and went whithersoever they could go.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.675/) 2. [And it was told Saul that David was escaped from Keilah; and he forbore to go forth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.676/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:611`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 23:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.12/) - next →: [1 Samuel 23:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.14/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/23/)