--- title: 1 Samuel 23:19 — Then came up the Ziphites to Saul to Gibeah, saying: 'Doth not David… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then came up the Ziphites to Saul to Gibeah, saying: 'Doth not David hide himself with us in the strongholds in the wood, in the hill of Hachilah, which is on the south of Jeshimon? Who acts: Ziphites, David, hill. 1 Samuel 23:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/23/) / 23:19 # 1 Samuel 23:19 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Ziphites, David, hill · **What happens:** come up, say, not hide, be · **To what, where:** Gibeah, Saul, David, strongholds, south · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 23:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ziphites, David, hill — and what happens in the verse to Gibeah, Saul, David, strongholds, south, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּעֲל֤וּ זִפִים֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל הַגִּבְעָ֖תָה לֵאמֹ֑ר הֲל֣וֹא דָ֠וִד מִסְתַּתֵּ֨ר עִמָּ֤נוּ בַמְּצָדוֹת֙ בַּחֹ֔רְשָׁה בְּגִבְעַת֙ הַֽחֲכִילָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר מִימִ֥ין הַיְשִׁימֽוֹן׃ [Then came up the Ziphites to Saul to Gibeah, saying: 'Doth not David hide himself with us in the strongholds in the wood, in the hill of Hachilah, which is on the south of Jeshimon?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.683/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:617 # text = וַיַּעֲל֤וּ זִפִים֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל הַגִּבְעָ֖תָה לֵאמֹ֑ר הֲל֣וֹא דָ֠וִד מִסְתַּתֵּ֨ר עִמָּ֤נוּ בַמְּצָדוֹת֙ בַּחֹ֔רְשָׁה בְּגִבְעַת֙ הַֽחֲכִילָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר מִימִ֥ין הַיְשִׁימֽוֹן׃ # verse = 1SA.23.19 1-2 וַיַּעֲל֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:19!1|MId=o090230190011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּעֲל֤וּ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.went.up|Ref=1SA_23:19!1|MId=o090230190012|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:090230190021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 זִפִים֙ זִיפִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Ziphites|Ref=1SA_23:19!2|MId=o090230190021|Strong=2130|Type=gentilic 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_23:19!3|MId=o090230190031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 שָׁא֔וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_23:19!4|MId=o090230190041|Strong=7586 6-8 הַגִּבְעָ֖תָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_23:19!5|MId=o090230190051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 גִּבְעָ֖ת גִּבְעָה PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_23:19!5|MId=o090230190052|Strong=1390 8 ָה ה X _ _ 7 nmod _ Gloss=Gibeah|Ref=1SA_23:19!5|MId=o090230190053|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 9-10 לֵאמֹ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 14 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=1SA_23:19!6|MId=o090230190061|Strong=3807a 10 אמֹ֑ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_23:19!6|MId=o090230190062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090230190021;|Type=infinitive_construct 11-12 הֲל֣וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 14 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=1SA_23:19!7|MId=o090230190071|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 12 ל֣וֹא לֹא ADV _ _ 14 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_23:19!7|MId=o090230190072|Strong=3808|Type=negative 13 דָ֠וִד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 14 nsubj _ Gloss=[is].David|Ref=1SA_23:19!8|MId=o090230190081|Strong=1732 14 מִסְתַּתֵּ֨ר סָתַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing 2 advcl _ Gloss=hiding.himself|Ref=1SA_23:19!9|MId=o090230190091|Strong=5641|Frame=A0:090230190081;|Type=participle_active 15-16 עִמָּ֤נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_23:19!10|MId=o090230190101|Strong=5973 16 ָ֤נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=1SA_23:19!10|MId=o090230190102|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 17-19 בַמְּצָדוֹת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_23:19!11|MId=o090230190111|Strong=0871a 18 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_23:19!11|MId=o090230190111ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 מְּצָדוֹת֙ מְצָד NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 14 obl _ Gloss=strongholds|Ref=1SA_23:19!11|MId=o090230190112|Strong=4679 20-22 בַּחֹ֔רְשָׁה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=1SA_23:19!12|MId=o090230190121|Strong=0871a 21 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_23:19!12|MId=o090230190121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 חֹ֔רְשָׁה חֹרְשָׁה PROPN _ _ 19 conj _ Gloss=Horesh|Ref=1SA_23:19!12|MId=o090230190122|Strong=2793a 23-24 בְּגִבְעַת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_23:19!13|MId=o090230190131|Strong=0871a 24 גִבְעַת֙ גִּבְעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 conj _ Gloss=the.hill|Ref=1SA_23:19!13|MId=o090230190132|Strong=1389 25-26 הַֽחֲכִילָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=1SA_23:19!14|MId=o090230190141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 חֲכִילָ֔ה חֲכִילָה PROPN _ _ 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Hakilah|Ref=1SA_23:19!14|MId=o090230190142|Strong=2444 27 אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1SA_23:19!15|MId=o090230190151|Strong=0834|Type=relative 28-29 מִימִ֥ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=[is].from|Ref=1SA_23:19!16|MId=o090230190161|Strong=4480 29 ימִ֥ין יָמִין NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.south|Ref=1SA_23:19!16|MId=o090230190162|Strong=3225 30-31 הַיְשִׁימֽוֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=1SA_23:19!17|MId=o090230190171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 יְשִׁימֽוֹן יְשִׁימֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Jeshimon|Ref=1SA_23:19!17|MId=o090230190172|Strong=3452 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=1SA_23:19!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעֲלוּ *they went up* | wayyiqtol · qal | זִפִים *Ziphites* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | זִפִים *Ziphites* | | | | | **not** מִסְתַּתֵּר *hiding himself* | participle active · hithpael | דָוִד *\[is\] David* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּסְלִיקוּ אֱנָשֵׁי זִיף לְוַת שָׁאוּל לְגִבְעֲתָא לְמֵימָר הֲלָא דָוִד מִטַמָר עִמָנָא בַמְצַדְתָּא בַּחוּרְשָׁא בְּגִבְעַת חֲכִילָה דְמִדָרוֹם לִישִׁימוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then came up the Ziphites to Saul to Gibeah, saying: 'Doth not David hide himself with us in the strongholds in the wood, in the hill of Hachilah, which is on the south of Jeshimon?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.683/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:617`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 23:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.18/) - next →: [1 Samuel 23:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.20/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/23/)