--- title: 1 Samuel 23:23 — See therefore, and take knowledge of all the lurking-places where he… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: See therefore, and take knowledge of all the lurking-places where he hideth himself, and come ye back to me with the certainty, and I will go with you; and it shall come to pass, if he be in the land, that I will search him out among all the thousands of Judah.' Who acts: you, Saul, ye, I. 1 Samuel --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/23/) / 23:23 # 1 Samuel 23:23 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** you, Saul, ye, I, place · **What happens:** see, take, hide, come back, go, come · **To what, where:** knowledge, Saul, me, land This is 1 Samuel 23:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, Saul, ye, I, place — and what happens in the verse to knowledge, Saul, me, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּרְא֣וּ וּדְע֗וּ מִכֹּ֤ל הַמַּֽחֲבֹאִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִתְחַבֵּ֣א שָׁ֔ם וְשַׁבְתֶּ֤ם אֵלַי֙ אֶל־נָכ֔וֹן וְהָלַכְתִּ֖י אִתְּכֶ֑ם וְהָיָה֙ אִם־יֶשְׁנ֣וֹ בָאָ֔רֶץ וְחִפַּשְׂתִּ֣י אֹת֔וֹ בְּכֹ֖ל אַלְפֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ [See therefore, and take knowledge of all the lurking-places where he hideth himself, and come ye back to me with the certainty, and I will go with you; and it shall come to pass, if he be in the land, that I will search him out among all the thousands of Judah.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.687/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:621 # text = וּרְא֣וּ וּדְע֗וּ מִכֹּ֤ל הַמַּֽחֲבֹאִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִתְחַבֵּ֣א שָׁ֔ם וְשַׁבְתֶּ֤ם אֵלַי֙ אֶל־נָכ֔וֹן וְהָלַכְתִּ֖י אִתְּכֶ֑ם וְהָיָה֙ אִם־יֶשְׁנ֣וֹ בָאָ֔רֶץ וְחִפַּשְׂתִּ֣י אֹת֔וֹ בְּכֹ֖ל אַלְפֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃ # verse = 1SA.23.23 1-2 וּרְא֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:23!1|MId=o090230230011|Strong=2050b 2 רְא֣וּ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=see|Ref=1SA_23:23!1|MId=o090230230012|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:090230190021;|Type=imperative 3-4 וּדְע֗וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:23!2|MId=o090230230021|Strong=2050b 4 דְע֗וּ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=know|Ref=1SA_23:23!2|MId=o090230230022|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:090230190021;|Type=imperative 5-6 מִכֹּ֤ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_23:23!3|MId=o090230230031|Strong=4480 6 כֹּ֤ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_23:23!3|MId=o090230230032|Strong=3605 7-8 הַמַּֽחֲבֹאִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the.hiding|Ref=1SA_23:23!4|MId=o090230230041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 מַּֽחֲבֹאִים֙ מַחֲבֹאִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=places|Ref=1SA_23:23!4|MId=o090230230042|Strong=4224a 9 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=where|Ref=1SA_23:23!5|MId=o090230230051|Strong=0834|Type=relative 10 יִתְחַבֵּ֣א חָבָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.hides.himself|Ref=1SA_23:23!6|MId=o090230230061|Strong=2244|Frame=A0:090230190081;|Type=yiqtol 11 שָׁ֔ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=1SA_23:23!7|MId=o090230230071|Strong=8033 12-13 וְשַׁבְתֶּ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:23!8|MId=o090230230081|Strong=2050b 13 שַׁבְתֶּ֤ם שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.will.return|Ref=1SA_23:23!8|MId=o090230230082|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:090230190021;|Type=weqatal 14-15 אֵלַי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_23:23!9|MId=o090230230091|Strong=0413 15 ַי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_23:23!9|MId=o090230230092|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 16 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_23:23!10|MId=o090230230101|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 17 נָכ֔וֹן כּוּן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 13 advcl _ Gloss=a.certain.[thing]|Ref=1SA_23:23!11|MId=o090230230111|Strong=3559|Type=participle_active 18-19 וְהָלַכְתִּ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:23!12|MId=o090230230121|Strong=2050b 19 הָלַכְתִּ֖י הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.will.go|Ref=1SA_23:23!12|MId=o090230230122|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090230210021;|Type=weqatal 20-21 אִתְּכֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_23:23!13|MId=o090230230131|Strong=0854 21 ְכֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_23:23!13|MId=o090230230132|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 22-23 וְהָיָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:23!14|MId=o090230230141|Strong=2050b 23 הָיָה֙ הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=1SA_23:23!14|MId=o090230230142|Strong=1961|Type=qatal 24 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=1SA_23:23!15|MId=o090230230151|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 25-26 יֶשְׁנ֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 יֶשְׁנ יֵשׁ ADV _ _ 29 advmod _ Gloss=(there)|Ref=1SA_23:23!16|MId=o090230230161|Strong=3426|Type=demonstrative 26 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_23:23!16|MId=o090230230162|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27-29 בָאָ֔רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בָ בְּ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=[is].in|Ref=1SA_23:23!17|MId=o090230230171|Strong=0871a 28 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_23:23!17|MId=o090230230171ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 אָ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 31 advcl _ Gloss=land|Ref=1SA_23:23!17|MId=o090230230172|Strong=0776 30-31 וְחִפַּשְׂתִּ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:23!18|MId=o090230230181|Strong=2050b 31 חִפַּשְׂתִּ֣י חָפַשׂ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=I.will.search.out|Ref=1SA_23:23!18|MId=o090230230182|Strong=2664|Frame=A0:090230210021;A1:090230230192;|Type=qatal 32-33 אֹת֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_23:23!19|MId=o090230230191|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 33 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_23:23!19|MId=o090230230192|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 34-35 בְּכֹ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=1SA_23:23!20|MId=o090230230201|Strong=0871a 35 כֹ֖ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_23:23!20|MId=o090230230202|Strong=3605 36 אַלְפֵ֥י אֶלֶף NOUN _ Number=Plur 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.thousands|Ref=1SA_23:23!21|MId=o090230230211|Strong=0505a|Type=cardinal_number 37 יְהוּדָֽה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=1SA_23:23!22|MId=o090230230221|Strong=3063|SpaceAfter=No 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=1SA_23:23!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רְאוּ *see* | imperative · qal | | | | | | דְעוּ *know* | imperative · qal | | | | | | יִתְחַבֵּא *he hides himself* | yiqtol · hithpael | | | | | | שַׁבְתֶּם *you will return* | weqatal · qal | | | | | | הָלַכְתִּי *I will go* | weqatal · qal | | | | | | חִפַּשְׂתִּי *I will search out* | qatal · piel | | וֹ *him* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַחֲזוֹ וּדְעוֹ מִכָּל מַטְמוֹרַיָתָא דְאִטְמַר תַּמָן וּתְתוּבוּן לְוָתִי בִּקְשׁוֹט וְאֵהַךְ עִמְכוֹן וִיהֵי אִם אִיתוֹהִי בְאַרְעָא וְאֶבְלוֹשׁ יָתֵיה בְּכָל אַלְפַיָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [See therefore, and take knowledge of all the lurking-places where he hideth himself, and come ye back to me with the certainty, and I will go with you; and it shall come to pass, if he be in the land, that I will search him out among all the thousands of Judah.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.687/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:621`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 23:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.22/) - next →: [1 Samuel 23:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.24/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/23/)