--- title: 1 Samuel 23:25 — And Saul and his men went to seek him. And they told David; wherefor… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Saul and his men went to seek him. And they told David; wherefore he came down to the rock, and abode in the wilderness of Maon. And when Saul heard that, he pursued after David in the wilderness of Maon. Who acts: Saul, men, David. 1 Samuel 23:25 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonat --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.25/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/23/) / 23:25 # 1 Samuel 23:25 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Saul, men, David · **What happens:** go, seek, tell, come down, abode, hear · **To what, where:** Saul, David, rock, wilderness, that · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 23:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, men, David — and what happens in the verse to Saul, David, rock, wilderness, that, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ שָׁא֣וּל וַאֲנָשָׁיו֮ לְבַקֵּשׁ֒ וַיַּגִּ֣דוּ לְדָוִ֔ד וַיֵּ֣רֶד הַסֶּ֔לַע וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב בְּמִדְבַּ֣ר מָע֑וֹן וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע שָׁא֔וּל וַיִּרְדֹּ֥ף אַחֲרֵֽי־דָוִ֖ד מִדְבַּ֥ר מָעֽוֹן׃ [And Saul and his men went to seek him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.689/) [And they told David; wherefore he came down to the rock, and abode in the wilderness of Maon.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.690/) [And when Saul heard that, he pursued after David in the wilderness of Maon.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.691/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:623 # text = וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ שָׁא֣וּל וַאֲנָשָׁיו֮ לְבַקֵּשׁ֒ וַיַּגִּ֣דוּ לְדָוִ֔ד וַיֵּ֣רֶד הַסֶּ֔לַע וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב בְּמִדְבַּ֣ר מָע֑וֹן וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע שָׁא֔וּל וַיִּרְדֹּ֥ף אַחֲרֵֽי־דָוִ֖ד מִדְבַּ֥ר מָעֽוֹן׃ # verse = 1SA.23.25 1-2 וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:25!1|MId=o090230250011|Strong=2050b 2 יֵּ֨לֶךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.went|Ref=1SA_23:25!1|MId=o090230250012|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090230250021;090230250032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שָׁא֣וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_23:25!2|MId=o090230250021|Strong=7586 4-6 וַאֲנָשָׁיו֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:25!3|MId=o090230250031|Strong=2050b 5 אֲנָשָׁי אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 conj _ Gloss=men|Ref=1SA_23:25!3|MId=o090230250032|Strong=0376 6 ו֮ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_23:25!3|MId=o090230250033|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7-8 לְבַקֵּשׁ֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_23:25!4|MId=o090230250041|Strong=3807a 8 בַקֵּשׁ֒ בָּקַשׁ VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 2 advcl _ Gloss=seek.[him]|Ref=1SA_23:25!4|MId=o090230250042|Strong=1245|Frame=A0:090230250021;090230250032;|Type=infinitive_construct 9-10 וַיַּגִּ֣דוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:25!5|MId=o090230250051|Strong=2050b 10 יַּגִּ֣דוּ נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=people.told|Ref=1SA_23:25!5|MId=o090230250052|Strong=5046|Frame=A0:;|Type=wayyiqtol 11-12 לְדָוִ֔ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_23:25!6|MId=o090230250061|Strong=3807a 12 דָוִ֔ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 10 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_23:25!6|MId=o090230250062|Strong=1732 13-14 וַיֵּ֣רֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:25!7|MId=o090230250071|Strong=2050b 14 יֵּ֣רֶד יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.went.down|Ref=1SA_23:25!7|MId=o090230250072|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:090230250062;|Type=wayyiqtol 15-16 הַסֶּ֔לַע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_23:25!8|MId=o090230250081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 סֶּ֔לַע סֶלַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=rock|Ref=1SA_23:25!8|MId=o090230250082|Strong=5553 17-18 וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:25!9|MId=o090230250091|Strong=2050b 18 יֵּ֖שֶׁב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.remained|Ref=1SA_23:25!9|MId=o090230250092|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:090230250062;|Type=wayyiqtol 19-20 בְּמִדְבַּ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_23:25!10|MId=o090230250101|Strong=0871a 20 מִדְבַּ֣ר מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=the.wilderness|Ref=1SA_23:25!10|MId=o090230250102|Strong=4057 21 מָע֑וֹן מָעוֹן PROPN _ _ 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Maon|Ref=1SA_23:25!11|MId=o090230250111|Strong=4584a 22-23 וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:25!12|MId=o090230250121|Strong=2050b 23 יִּשְׁמַ֣ע שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.heard|Ref=1SA_23:25!12|MId=o090230250122|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:090230250131;|Type=wayyiqtol 24 שָׁא֔וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 23 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_23:25!13|MId=o090230250131|Strong=7586 25-26 וַיִּרְדֹּ֥ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:25!14|MId=o090230250141|Strong=2050b 26 יִּרְדֹּ֥ף רָדַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.pursued|Ref=1SA_23:25!14|MId=o090230250142|Strong=7291|Frame=A0:090230250131;|Type=wayyiqtol 27 אַחֲרֵֽי־ אַחַר ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=1SA_23:25!15|MId=o090230250151|Strong=0310|SpaceAfter=No 28 דָוִ֖ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 26 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_23:25!16|MId=o090230250161|Strong=1732 29 מִדְבַּ֥ר מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=the.wilderness|Ref=1SA_23:25!17|MId=o090230250171|Strong=4057 30 מָעֽוֹן מָעוֹן PROPN _ _ 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Maon|Ref=1SA_23:25!18|MId=o090230250181|Strong=4584a|SpaceAfter=No 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=1SA_23:25!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵּלֶךְ *he went* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* + אֲנָשָׁי *men* | | | | | בַקֵּשׁ *seek \[him\]* | infinitive construct · piel | שָׁאוּל *Saul* + אֲנָשָׁי *men* | | | | | יַּגִּדוּ *people told* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | | | | | | יֵּרֶד *he went down* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָוִד *David* | | | | | יֵּשֶׁב *he remained* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָוִד *David* | | | | | יִּשְׁמַע *he heard* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | יִּרְדֹּף *he pursued* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲזַל שָׁאוּל וְגַבְרוֹהִי לְמִבְעֵי וְחַוִיאוּ לְדָוִד וּנְחַת לְכֵיפָא וִיתֵיב בְּמַדְבְּרָא דְמָעוֹן וּשְׁמַע שָׁאוּל וּרְדַף בָּתַר דָוִד בְּמַדְבְּרָא דְמָעוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Saul and his men went to seek him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.689/) 2. [And they told David; wherefore he came down to the rock, and abode in the wilderness of Maon.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.690/) 3. [And when Saul heard that, he pursued after David in the wilderness of Maon.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.691/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:623`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 23:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.24/) - next →: [1 Samuel 23:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.26/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/23/)