--- title: 1 Samuel 23:26 — And Saul went on this side of the mountain, and David and his men on… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Saul went on this side of the mountain, and David and his men on that side of the mountain; and David made haste to get away for fear of Saul; for Saul and his men compassed David and his men round about to take them. Who acts: Saul, David. 1 Samuel 23:26 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targ --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.26/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/23/) / 23:26 # 1 Samuel 23:26 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Saul, David · **What happens:** go, make, get away, compass, take, fear · **To what, where:** side, haste, David, men, Saul This is 1 Samuel 23:26 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, David — and what happens in the verse to side, haste, David, men, Saul, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ שָׁא֜וּל מִצַּ֤ד הָהָר֙ מִזֶּ֔ה וְדָוִ֧ד וַאֲנָשָׁ֛יו מִצַּ֥ד הָהָ֖ר מִזֶּ֑ה וַיְהִ֨י דָוִ֜ד נֶחְפָּ֤ז לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וְשָׁא֣וּל וַאֲנָשָׁ֗יו עֹֽטְרִ֛ים אֶל־דָּוִ֥ד וְאֶל־אֲנָשָׁ֖יו לְתָפְשָֽׂם׃ [And Saul went on this side of the mountain, and David and his men on that side of the mountain; and David made haste to get away for fear of Saul; for Saul and his men compassed David and his men round about to take them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.692/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:624 # text = וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ שָׁא֜וּל מִצַּ֤ד הָהָר֙ מִזֶּ֔ה וְדָוִ֧ד וַאֲנָשָׁ֛יו מִצַּ֥ד הָהָ֖ר מִזֶּ֑ה וַיְהִ֨י דָוִ֜ד נֶחְפָּ֤ז לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וְשָׁא֣וּל וַאֲנָשָׁ֗יו עֹֽטְרִ֛ים אֶל־דָּוִ֥ד וְאֶל־אֲנָשָׁ֖יו לְתָפְשָֽׂם׃ # verse = 1SA.23.26 1-2 וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:26!1|MId=o090230260011|Strong=2050b 2 יֵּ֨לֶךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.went|Ref=1SA_23:26!1|MId=o090230260012|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090230260021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שָׁא֜וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_23:26!2|MId=o090230260021|Strong=7586 4-5 מִצַּ֤ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_23:26!3|MId=o090230260031|Strong=4480 5 צַּ֤ד צַד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.side|Ref=1SA_23:26!3|MId=o090230260032|Strong=6654 6-7 הָהָר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_23:26!4|MId=o090230260041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 הָר֙ הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.mountain|Ref=1SA_23:26!4|MId=o090230260042|Strong=2022 8-9 מִזֶּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_23:26!5|MId=o090230260051|Strong=4480 9 זֶּ֔ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 5 nmod _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_23:26!5|MId=o090230260052|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 10-11 וְדָוִ֧ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:26!6|MId=o090230260061|Strong=2050b 11 דָוִ֧ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_23:26!6|MId=o090230260062|Strong=1732 12-14 וַאֲנָשָׁ֛יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:26!7|MId=o090230260071|Strong=2050b 13 אֲנָשָׁ֛י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 conj _ Gloss=men|Ref=1SA_23:26!7|MId=o090230260072|Strong=0376 14 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_23:26!7|MId=o090230260073|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15-16 מִצַּ֥ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=[were].from|Ref=1SA_23:26!8|MId=o090230260081|Strong=4480 16 צַּ֥ד צַד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=the.side|Ref=1SA_23:26!8|MId=o090230260082|Strong=6654 17-18 הָהָ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_23:26!9|MId=o090230260091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 הָ֖ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.mountain|Ref=1SA_23:26!9|MId=o090230260092|Strong=2022 19-20 מִזֶּ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_23:26!10|MId=o090230260101|Strong=4480 20 זֶּ֑ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 16 nmod _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_23:26!10|MId=o090230260102|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 21-22 וַיְהִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:26!11|MId=o090230260111|Strong=2050b 22 יְהִ֨י הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 24 cop _ Gloss=he.was|Ref=1SA_23:26!11|MId=o090230260112|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090230260121;|Type=wayyiqtol 23 דָוִ֜ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 24 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_23:26!12|MId=o090230260121|Strong=1732 24 נֶחְפָּ֤ז חָפַז VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=hurrying.away|Ref=1SA_23:26!13|MId=o090230260131|Strong=2648|Frame=A0:090230260121;|Type=participle_active 25-26 לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_23:26!14|MId=o090230260141|Strong=3807a 26 לֶ֙כֶת֙ הלך VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 24 advcl _ Gloss=go|Ref=1SA_23:26!14|MId=o090230260142|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090230260121;|Type=infinitive_construct 27-28 מִפְּנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_23:26!15|MId=o090230260151|Strong=4480 28 פְּנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 26 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=1SA_23:26!15|MId=o090230260152|Strong=6440 29 שָׁא֔וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_23:26!16|MId=o090230260161|Strong=7586 30-31 וְשָׁא֣וּל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:26!17|MId=o090230260171|Strong=2050b 31 שָׁא֣וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 35 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_23:26!17|MId=o090230260172|Strong=7586 32-34 וַאֲנָשָׁ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:26!18|MId=o090230260181|Strong=2050b 33 אֲנָשָׁ֗י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 31 conj _ Gloss=men|Ref=1SA_23:26!18|MId=o090230260182|Strong=0376 34 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_23:26!18|MId=o090230260183|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 35 עֹֽטְרִ֛ים עָטַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=[were].surrounding|Ref=1SA_23:26!19|MId=o090230260191|Strong=5849|Frame=A0:090230260172;090230260182;|Type=participle_active 36 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=1SA_23:26!20|MId=o090230260201|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 37 דָּוִ֥ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 35 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_23:26!21|MId=o090230260211|Strong=1732 38-39 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 40 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:26!22|MId=o090230260221|Strong=2050b 39 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=1SA_23:26!22|MId=o090230260222|Strong=0413 40-41 אֲנָשָׁ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 אֲנָשָׁ֖י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 37 conj _ Gloss=men|Ref=1SA_23:26!23|MId=o090230260231|Strong=0376 41 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_23:26!23|MId=o090230260232|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 42-44 לְתָפְשָֽׂם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_23:26!24|MId=o090230260241|Strong=3807a 43 תָפְשׂ תָּפַשׂ VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 35 advcl _ Gloss=catch|Ref=1SA_23:26!24|MId=o090230260242|Strong=8610|Frame=A0:090230260172;090230260182;A1:090230260243;|Type=infinitive_construct 44 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=1SA_23:26!24|MId=o090230260243|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 45 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 44 punct _ Ref=1SA_23:26!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵּלֶךְ *he went* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | יְהִי *he was* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָוִד *David* | | | | | נֶחְפָּז *hurrying away* | participle active · niphal | דָוִד *David* | | | | | לֶכֶת *go* | infinitive construct · qal | דָוִד *David* | | | | | עֹֽטְרִים *\[were\] surrounding* | participle active · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* + אֲנָשָׁי *men* | | | | | תָפְשׂ *catch* | infinitive construct · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* + אֲנָשָׁי *men* | ָֽם *them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲזַל שָׁאוּל מִסְטַר טוּרָא מִכָּא וְדָוִד וְגַבְרוֹהִי מִסְטַר טוּרָא מִכָּא וַהֲוָה דָוִד מִתְבְּעֵי לְמֵיזַל מִן קֳדָם שָׁאוּל וְשָׁאוּל וְגַבְרוֹהִי כָּמְנִין עַל דָוִד וְעַל גַבְרוֹהִי לְמֵחַדְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Saul went on this side of the mountain, and David and his men on that side of the mountain; and David made haste to get away for fear of Saul; for Saul and his men compassed David and his men round about to take them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.692/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:624`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 23:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.25/) - next →: [1 Samuel 23:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.27/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/23/)