--- title: 1 Samuel 23:4 — Then David inquired of the LORD yet again. And the LORD answered him… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then David inquired of the LORD yet again. And the LORD answered him and said: 'Arise, go down to Keilah; for I will deliver the Philistines into thy hand.' Who acts: David, LORD, I. 1 Samuel 23:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/23/) / 23:4 # 1 Samuel 23:4 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, LORD, I · **What happens:** inquire, answer, say, arise, go down, deliver · **To what, where:** David, Keilah, Philistines, hand · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 23:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, LORD, I — and what happens in the verse to David, Keilah, Philistines, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיּ֨וֹסֶף ע֤וֹד דָּוִד֙ לִשְׁאֹ֣ל בַּֽיהוָ֔הס וַֽיַּעֲנֵ֖הוּ יְהוָ֑ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר ק֚וּם רֵ֣ד קְעִילָ֔ה כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י נֹתֵ֛ן אֶת־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים בְּיָדֶֽךָ׃ [Then David inquired of the LORD yet again.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.663/) [And the LORD answered him and said: 'Arise, go down to Keilah; for I will deliver the Philistines into thy hand.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.664/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:602 # text = וַיּ֨וֹסֶף ע֤וֹד דָּוִד֙ לִשְׁאֹ֣ל בַּֽיהוָ֔הס וַֽיַּעֲנֵ֖הוּ יְהוָ֑ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר ק֚וּם רֵ֣ד קְעִילָ֔ה כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י נֹתֵ֛ן אֶת־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים בְּיָדֶֽךָ׃ # verse = 1SA.23.4 1-2 וַיּ֨וֹסֶף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:4!1|MId=o090230040011|Strong=2050b 2 יּ֨וֹסֶף יָסַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.repeated|Ref=1SA_23:4!1|MId=o090230040012|Strong=3254|Frame=A0:090230040031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ע֤וֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=again|Ref=1SA_23:4!2|MId=o090230040021|Strong=5750 4 דָּוִד֙ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_23:4!3|MId=o090230040031|Strong=1732 5-6 לִשְׁאֹ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_23:4!4|MId=o090230040041|Strong=3807a 6 שְׁאֹ֣ל שָׁאַל VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 xcomp _ Gloss=enquire|Ref=1SA_23:4!4|MId=o090230040042|Strong=7592|Frame=A0:090230040031;|Type=infinitive_construct 7-8 בַּֽיהוָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בַּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=1SA_23:4!5|MId=o090230040051|Strong=0871a 8 יהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 6 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_23:4!5|MId=o090230040052|Strong=3068 9 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 8 punct _ Ref=1SA_23:4!5 10-12 וַֽיַּעֲנֵ֖הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:4!6|MId=o090230040061|Strong=2050b 11 יַּעֲנ עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_23:4!6|MId=o090230040062|Strong=6030|Frame=A1:090230040073;A0:090230040081;|Type=wayyiqtol 12 ֵ֖הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ Gloss=answered.him|Ref=1SA_23:4!6|MId=o090230040063|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 13 יְהוָ֑ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 11 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_23:4!7|MId=o090230040071|Strong=3068 14-15 וַיֹּ֗אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:4!8|MId=o090230040081|Strong=2050b 15 יֹּ֗אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_23:4!8|MId=o090230040082|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090230040081;|Type=wayyiqtol 16 ק֚וּם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 15 ccomp _ Gloss=arise|Ref=1SA_23:4!9|MId=o090230040091|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:090230040031;|Type=imperative 17 רֵ֣ד יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 16 parataxis _ Gloss=go.down|Ref=1SA_23:4!10|MId=o090230040101|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:090230040031;|Type=imperative 18 קְעִילָ֔ה קְעִילָה PROPN _ _ 17 obl _ Gloss=Keilah|Ref=1SA_23:4!11|MId=o090230040111|Strong=7084 19 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_23:4!12|MId=o090230040121|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 20 אֲנִ֥י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=1SA_23:4!13|MId=o090230040131|Strong=0589|Type=personal 21 נֹתֵ֛ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 16 advcl _ Gloss=[am].about.to.give|Ref=1SA_23:4!14|MId=o090230040141|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:090230040141;A1:090230040171;|Type=participle_active 22 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_23:4!15|MId=o090230040151|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 23 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 obj _ Gloss=[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_23:4!16|MId=o090230040161|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 24-26 בְּיָדֶֽךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_23:4!17|MId=o090230040171|Strong=0871a 25 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=1SA_23:4!17|MId=o090230040172|Strong=3027 26 ֶֽךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_23:4!17|MId=o090230040173|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=1SA_23:4!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יּוֹסֶף *he repeated* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | שְׁאֹל *enquire* | infinitive construct · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | יַּעֲנ *he* | wayyiqtol · qal | וַ *and* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | וַ *and* | | | | | קוּם *arise* | imperative · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | רֵד *go down* | imperative · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | נֹתֵן *\[am\] about to give* | participle active · qal | נֹתֵן *\[am\] about to give* | בְּ *in* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאוֹסִיף עוֹד דָוִד לְמִשְׁאַל בְּמֵימְרָא דַייָ וְקַבֵּיל צְלוֹתֵיהּ יְיָ וַאֲמַר קוּם חוֹת לִקְעִילָה אֲרֵי אֲנָא מְסַר יַת פְלִשְׁתָּאֵי בִּידָךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then David inquired of the LORD yet again.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.663/) 2. [And the LORD answered him and said: 'Arise, go down to Keilah; for I will deliver the Philistines into thy hand.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.664/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:602`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 23:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.3/) - next →: [1 Samuel 23:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.5/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/23/)