--- title: 1 Samuel 23:7 — And it was told Saul that David was come to Keilah. And Saul said: '… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it was told Saul that David was come to Keilah. And Saul said: 'God hath delivered him into my hand; for he is shut in, by entering into a town that hath gates and bars.' Who acts: Saul, God, town. 1 Samuel 23:7 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/23/) / 23:7 # 1 Samuel 23:7 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Saul, God, town · **What happens:** tell, come, say, deliver, shut in, enter · **To what, where:** slaughter, Saul, David, Keilah, hand, town · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 23:7 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, God, town — and what happens in the verse to slaughter, Saul, David, Keilah, hand, town, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֻּגַּ֣ד לְשָׁא֔וּל כִּי־בָ֥א דָוִ֖ד קְעִילָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֗וּל נִכַּ֨ר אֹת֤וֹ אֱלֹהִים֙ בְּיָדִ֔י כִּ֚י נִסְגַּ֣ר לָב֔וֹא בְּעִ֖יר דְּלָתַ֥יִם וּבְרִֽיחַ׃ [And it was told Saul that David was come to Keilah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.668/) [And Saul said: 'God hath delivered him into my hand; for he is shut in, by entering into a town that hath gates and bars.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.669/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:605 # text = וַיֻּגַּ֣ד לְשָׁא֔וּל כִּי־בָ֥א דָוִ֖ד קְעִילָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֗וּל נִכַּ֨ר אֹת֤וֹ אֱלֹהִים֙ בְּיָדִ֔י כִּ֚י נִסְגַּ֣ר לָב֔וֹא בְּעִ֖יר דְּלָתַ֥יִם וּבְרִֽיחַ׃ # verse = 1SA.23.7 1-2 וַיֻּגַּ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:7!1|MId=o090230070011|Strong=2050b 2 יֻּגַּ֣ד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was.told|Ref=1SA_23:7!1|MId=o090230070012|Strong=5046|Frame=A1:090230070041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לְשָׁא֔וּל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_23:7!2|MId=o090230070021|Strong=3807a 4 שָׁא֔וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_23:7!2|MId=o090230070022|Strong=7586 5 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1SA_23:7!3|MId=o090230070031|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 6 בָ֥א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 nsubj _ Gloss=he.had.gone|Ref=1SA_23:7!4|MId=o090230070041|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090230070051;|Type=qatal 7 דָוִ֖ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 6 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_23:7!5|MId=o090230070051|Strong=1732 8 קְעִילָ֑ה קְעִילָה PROPN _ _ 6 obl _ Gloss=Keilah|Ref=1SA_23:7!6|MId=o090230070061|Strong=7084 9-10 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:7!7|MId=o090230070071|Strong=2050b 10 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_23:7!7|MId=o090230070072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090230070081;|Type=wayyiqtol 11 שָׁא֗וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 10 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_23:7!8|MId=o090230070081|Strong=7586 12 נִכַּ֨ר נָכַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 ccomp _ Gloss=he.has.alienated|Ref=1SA_23:7!9|MId=o090230070091|Strong=5234a|Frame=A1:090230070102;A0:090230070111;|Type=qatal 13-14 אֹת֤וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_23:7!10|MId=o090230070101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 14 ֤וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_23:7!10|MId=o090230070102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15 אֱלֹהִים֙ אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=1SA_23:7!11|MId=o090230070111|Strong=0430 16-18 בְּיָדִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_23:7!12|MId=o090230070121|Strong=0871a 17 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=1SA_23:7!12|MId=o090230070122|Strong=3027 18 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_23:7!12|MId=o090230070123|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 19 כִּ֚י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_23:7!13|MId=o090230070131|Strong=3588 20 נִסְגַּ֣ר סָגַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 advcl _ Gloss=he.has.shut.himself.up|Ref=1SA_23:7!14|MId=o090230070141|Strong=5462|Frame=A1:090230070051;|Type=qatal 21-22 לָב֔וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=1SA_23:7!15|MId=o090230070151|Strong=3807a 22 ב֔וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 20 advcl _ Gloss=going|Ref=1SA_23:7!15|MId=o090230070152|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090230070051;|Type=infinitive_construct 23-24 בְּעִ֖יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_23:7!16|MId=o090230070161|Strong=0871a 24 עִ֖יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=a.city|Ref=1SA_23:7!16|MId=o090230070162|Strong=5892 25 דְּלָתַ֥יִם דֶּלֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.doors|Ref=1SA_23:7!17|MId=o090230070171|Strong=1817 26-27 וּבְרִֽיחַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_23:7!18|MId=o090230070181|Strong=2050b 27 בְרִֽיחַ בְּרִיחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 conj _ Gloss=bar[s]|Ref=1SA_23:7!18|MId=o090230070182|Strong=1280 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=1SA_23:7!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֻּגַּד *it was told* | wayyiqtol · hophal | | בָא *he had gone* | | | | בָא *he had gone* | qatal · qal | דָוִד *David* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | נִכַּר *he has alienated* | qatal · piel | אֱלֹהִים *God* | וֹ *him* | | | | נִסְגַּר *he has shut himself up* | qatal · niphal | | דָוִד *David* | | | | בוֹא *going* | infinitive construct · qal | דָוִד *David* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאִתְחַוָא לְשָׁאוּל אֲרֵי אֲתָא דָוִד לִקְעִילָה וַאֲמַר שָׁאוּל מְסַר יָתֵיהּ יְיָ בִּידִי אֲרֵי אִתְמְסַר לְמֵיעַל בְּקַרְתָּא דְלָהּ דָשִׁין וְעַבְּרִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it was told Saul that David was come to Keilah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.668/) 2. [And Saul said: 'God hath delivered him into my hand; for he is shut in, by entering into a town that hath gates and bars.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.669/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:605`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 23:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.6/) - next →: [1 Samuel 23:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.23.8/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/23/)