--- title: 1 Samuel 24:12 — Moreover, my father, see, yea, see the skirt of thy robe in my hand;… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Moreover, my father, see, yea, see the skirt of thy robe in my hand; for in that I cut off the skirt of thy robe, and killed thee not, know thou and see that there is neither evil nor transgression in my hand, and I have not sinned against thee, though thou layest wait for my soul to take it. Who ac --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.24.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/24/) / 24:12 # 1 Samuel 24:12 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** you, I, thou, evil · **What happens:** see, cut off, not kill, know, be, not sin · **To what, where:** skirt, hand, thee, wait · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 24:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, I, thou, evil — and what happens in the verse to skirt, hand, thee, wait, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאָבִ֣י רְאֵ֔ה גַּ֗ם רְאֵ֛ה אֶת־כְּנַ֥ף מְעִילְךָ֖ בְּיָדִ֑י כִּ֡י בְּכָרְתִי֩ אֶת־כְּנַ֨ף מְעִֽילְךָ֜ וְלֹ֣א הֲרַגְתִּ֗יךָ דַּ֤ע וּרְאֵה֙ כִּי֩ אֵ֨ין בְּיָדִ֜י רָעָ֤ה וָפֶ֙שַׁע֙ וְלֹא־חָטָ֣אתִי לָ֔ךְ וְאַתָּ֛ה צֹדֶ֥ה אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖י לְקַחְתָּֽהּ׃ [Moreover, my father, see, yea, see the skirt of thy robe in my hand; for in that I cut off the skirt of thy robe, and killed thee not, know thou and see that there is neither evil nor transgression in my hand, and I have not sinned against thee, though thou layest wait for my soul to take it.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.708/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:638 # text = וְאָבִ֣י רְאֵ֔ה גַּ֗ם רְאֵ֛ה אֶת־כְּנַ֥ף מְעִילְךָ֖ בְּיָדִ֑י כִּ֡י בְּכָרְתִי֩ אֶת־כְּנַ֨ף מְעִֽילְךָ֜ וְלֹ֣א הֲרַגְתִּ֗יךָ דַּ֤ע וּרְאֵה֙ כִּי֩ אֵ֨ין בְּיָדִ֜י רָעָ֤ה וָפֶ֙שַׁע֙ וְלֹא־חָטָ֣אתִי לָ֔ךְ וְאַתָּ֛ה צֹדֶ֥ה אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖י לְקַחְתָּֽהּ׃ # verse = 1SA.24.12 1-3 וְאָבִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_24:12!1|MId=o090240120011|Strong=2050b 2 אָב אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 dislocated _ Gloss=O|Ref=1SA_24:12!1|MId=o090240120012|Strong=0001 3 ִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my.father|Ref=1SA_24:12!1|MId=o090240120013|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 4 רְאֵ֔ה רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=see|Ref=1SA_24:12!2|MId=o090240120021|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:090240120012;|Type=imperative 5 גַּ֗ם גַּם ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=1SA_24:12!3|MId=o090240120031|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 6 רְאֵ֛ה רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 4 conj _ Gloss=see|Ref=1SA_24:12!4|MId=o090240120041|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:090240120012;A1:090240120061;|Type=imperative 7 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_24:12!5|MId=o090240120051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 8 כְּנַ֥ף כָּנָף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=the.skirt|Ref=1SA_24:12!6|MId=o090240120061|Strong=3671 9-10 מְעִילְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 מְעִיל מְעִיל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.robe|Ref=1SA_24:12!7|MId=o090240120071|Strong=4598 10 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_24:12!7|MId=o090240120072|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 11-13 בְּיָדִ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_24:12!8|MId=o090240120081|Strong=0871a 12 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=1SA_24:12!8|MId=o090240120082|Strong=3027 13 ִ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_24:12!8|MId=o090240120083|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 14 כִּ֡י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_24:12!9|MId=o090240120091|Strong=3588 15-17 בְּכָרְתִי֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=1SA_24:12!10|MId=o090240120101|Strong=0871a 16 כָרְת כָּרַת VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 26 dislocated _ Gloss=I|Ref=1SA_24:12!10|MId=o090240120102|Strong=3772|Frame=A0:090240120103;A1:090240120121;|Type=infinitive_construct 17 ִי֩ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ Gloss=cut.off|Ref=1SA_24:12!10|MId=o090240120103|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 18 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_24:12!11|MId=o090240120111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 19 כְּנַ֨ף כָּנָף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=the.skirt|Ref=1SA_24:12!12|MId=o090240120121|Strong=3671 20-21 מְעִֽילְךָ֜ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 מְעִֽיל מְעִיל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.robe|Ref=1SA_24:12!13|MId=o090240120131|Strong=4598 21 ְךָ֜ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_24:12!13|MId=o090240120132|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 22-23 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_24:12!14|MId=o090240120141|Strong=2050b 23 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_24:12!14|MId=o090240120142|Strong=3808|Type=negative 24-25 הֲרַגְתִּ֗יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הֲרַגְתִּ֗י הָרַג VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 16 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=1SA_24:12!15|MId=o090240120151|Strong=2026|Frame=A0:090240100021;A1:090240120152;|Type=qatal 25 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ Gloss=killed.you|Ref=1SA_24:12!15|MId=o090240120152|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 26 דַּ֤ע יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 4 advcl _ Gloss=know|Ref=1SA_24:12!16|MId=o090240120161|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:090240120012;A1:090240120191;|Type=imperative 27-28 וּרְאֵה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_24:12!17|MId=o090240120171|Strong=2050b 28 רְאֵה֙ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 26 conj _ Gloss=see|Ref=1SA_24:12!17|MId=o090240120172|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:090240120012;A1:090240120191;|Type=imperative 29 כִּי֩ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 30 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1SA_24:12!18|MId=o090240120181|Strong=3588 30 אֵ֨ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 26 ccomp _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=1SA_24:12!19|MId=o090240120191|Strong=0369|Type=negative 31-33 בְּיָדִ֜י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_24:12!20|MId=o090240120201|Strong=0871a 32 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=1SA_24:12!20|MId=o090240120202|Strong=3027 33 ִ֜י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_24:12!20|MId=o090240120203|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 34 רָעָ֤ה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ Gloss=evil|Ref=1SA_24:12!21|MId=o090240120211|Strong=7451b 35-36 וָפֶ֙שַׁע֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_24:12!22|MId=o090240120221|Strong=2050b 36 פֶ֙שַׁע֙ פֶּשַׁע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 conj _ Gloss=transgression|Ref=1SA_24:12!22|MId=o090240120222|Strong=6588 37-38 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_24:12!23|MId=o090240120231|Strong=2050b 38 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 39 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_24:12!23|MId=o090240120232|Strong=3808|Type=negative 39 חָטָ֣אתִי חָטָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 4 conj _ Gloss=I.have.sinned|Ref=1SA_24:12!24|MId=o090240120241|Strong=2398|Frame=A0:090240100021;|Type=qatal 40-41 לָ֔ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 ל לְ ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_24:12!25|MId=o090240120251|Strong=3807a 41 ָ֔ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 39 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_24:12!25|MId=o090240120252|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 42-43 וְאַתָּ֛ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 44 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_24:12!26|MId=o090240120261|Strong=2050b 43 אַתָּ֛ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_24:12!26|MId=o090240120262|Strong=0859|Type=personal 44 צֹדֶ֥ה צָדָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 4 conj _ Gloss=[are].lying.in.wait.for|Ref=1SA_24:12!27|MId=o090240120271|Strong=6658|Frame=A0:090240120262;A1:090240120291;|Type=participle_active 45 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 46 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_24:12!28|MId=o090240120281|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 46-47 נַפְשִׁ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 44 obj _ Gloss=life|Ref=1SA_24:12!29|MId=o090240120291|Strong=5315 47 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 46 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_24:12!29|MId=o090240120292|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 48-50 לְקַחְתָּֽהּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 49 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_24:12!30|MId=o090240120301|Strong=3807a 49 קַחְתּ לָקַח VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 44 advcl _ Gloss=take|Ref=1SA_24:12!30|MId=o090240120302|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:090240120012;A1:090240120303;|Type=infinitive_construct 50 ָֽהּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 49 obj _ Gloss=it|Ref=1SA_24:12!30|MId=o090240120303|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 51 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 50 punct _ Ref=1SA_24:12!30 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רְאֵה *see* | imperative · qal | אָב *O* | | | | | רְאֵה *see* | imperative · qal | אָב *O* | כְּנַף *the skirt* | | | | כָרְת *I* | infinitive construct · qal | ִי *cut off* | כְּנַף *the skirt* | | | | **not** הֲרַגְתִּי *I* | qatal · qal | | ךָ *killed you* | | | | **not** דַּע *know* | imperative · qal | אָב *O* | אֵין *there \[is\] not* | | | | רְאֵה *see* | imperative · qal | אָב *O* | אֵין *there \[is\] not* | | | | **not** חָטָאתִי *I have sinned* | qatal · qal | | | | | | צֹדֶה *\[are\] lying in wait for* | participle active · qal | אַתָּה *you* | נַפְשׁ *life* | | | | קַחְתּ *take* | infinitive construct · qal | אָב *O* | ָֽהּ *it* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְרִבּוֹנִי אִסְתַּכַּל אַף חֲזֵי יַת כְּנַף מְעִילָךְ בִּידִי אֲרֵי בְּמִפְסְקִי יַת כְּנַף מְעִילָךְ וְלָא קְטַלְתִּיךְ דַע וַחֲזוֹ אֲרֵי לֵית בִּידִי חוֹב וְסוּרְחַן וְלָא חָטִית לָךְ וְאַתְּ כָּמִין עַל נַפְשִׁי לְמִקְטְלָהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Moreover, my father, see, yea, see the skirt of thy robe in my hand; for in that I cut off the skirt of thy robe, and killed thee not, know thou and see that there is neither evil nor transgression in my hand, and I have not sinned against thee, though thou layest wait for my soul to take it.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.708/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:638`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 24:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.24.11/) - next →: [1 Samuel 24:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.24.13/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/24/)