--- title: 1 Samuel 24:4 — And he came to the sheepcotes by the way, where was a cave; and Saul… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he came to the sheepcotes by the way, where was a cave; and Saul went in to cover his feet. Now David and his men were sitting in the innermost parts of the cave. Who acts: Saul, David. 1 Samuel 24:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.24.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/24/) / 24:4 # 1 Samuel 24:4 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Saul, David · **What happens:** come, be, go in, cover, sit · **To what, where:** sheepcotes, cave, feet, innermost parts This is 1 Samuel 24:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, David — and what happens in the verse to sheepcotes, cave, feet, innermost parts, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַ֠יָּבֹא אֶל־גִּדְר֨וֹת הַצֹּ֤אן עַל־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ וְשָׁ֣ם מְעָרָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֥א שָׁא֖וּל לְהָסֵ֣ךְ אֶת־רַגְלָ֑יו וְדָוִד֙ וַאֲנָשָׁ֔יו בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥י הַמְּעָרָ֖ה יֹשְׁבִֽים׃ [And he came to the sheepcotes by the way, where was a cave; and Saul went in to cover his feet.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.698/) [Now David and his men were sitting in the innermost parts of the cave.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.699/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:630 # text = וַ֠יָּבֹא אֶל־גִּדְר֨וֹת הַצֹּ֤אן עַל־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ וְשָׁ֣ם מְעָרָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֥א שָׁא֖וּל לְהָסֵ֣ךְ אֶת־רַגְלָ֑יו וְדָוִד֙ וַאֲנָשָׁ֔יו בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥י הַמְּעָרָ֖ה יֹשְׁבִֽים׃ # verse = 1SA.24.4 1-2 וַ֠יָּבֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_24:4!1|MId=o090240040011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּבֹא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.came|Ref=1SA_24:4!1|MId=o090240040012|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090240030021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_24:4!2|MId=o090240040021|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 4 גִּדְר֨וֹת גְּדֵרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=the.folds|Ref=1SA_24:4!3|MId=o090240040031|Strong=1448 5-6 הַצֹּ֤אן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_24:4!4|MId=o090240040041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 צֹּ֤אן צֹאן NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.sheep|Ref=1SA_24:4!4|MId=o090240040042|Strong=6629 7 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_24:4!5|MId=o090240040051|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_24:4!6|MId=o090240040061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 דֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=way|Ref=1SA_24:4!6|MId=o090240040062|Strong=1870 10-11 וְשָׁ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and.[was]|Ref=1SA_24:4!7|MId=o090240040071|Strong=2050b 11 שָׁ֣ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=there|Ref=1SA_24:4!7|MId=o090240040072|Strong=8033 12 מְעָרָ֔ה מְעָרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ Gloss=a.cave|Ref=1SA_24:4!8|MId=o090240040081|Strong=4631 13-14 וַיָּבֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_24:4!9|MId=o090240040091|Strong=2050b 14 יָּבֹ֥א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.went|Ref=1SA_24:4!9|MId=o090240040092|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090240040101;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 שָׁא֖וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 14 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_24:4!10|MId=o090240040101|Strong=7586 16-17 לְהָסֵ֣ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_24:4!11|MId=o090240040111|Strong=3807a 17 הָסֵ֣ךְ סָכַךְ VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 14 advcl _ Gloss=cover|Ref=1SA_24:4!11|MId=o090240040112|Strong=5526b|Frame=AA:090240040101;A0:090240040131;|Type=infinitive_construct 18 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_24:4!12|MId=o090240040121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 19-20 רַגְלָ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 רַגְלָ֑י רֶגֶל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 17 obj _ Gloss=feet|Ref=1SA_24:4!13|MId=o090240040131|Strong=7272 20 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_24:4!13|MId=o090240040132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 21-22 וְדָוִד֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_24:4!14|MId=o090240040141|Strong=2050b 22 דָוִד֙ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 30 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_24:4!14|MId=o090240040142|Strong=1732 23-25 וַאֲנָשָׁ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_24:4!15|MId=o090240040151|Strong=2050b 24 אֲנָשָׁ֔י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 conj _ Gloss=men|Ref=1SA_24:4!15|MId=o090240040152|Strong=0376 25 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_24:4!15|MId=o090240040153|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26-27 בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_24:4!16|MId=o090240040161|Strong=0871a 27 יַרְכְּתֵ֥י יַרְכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 30 obl _ Gloss=the.innermost.parts|Ref=1SA_24:4!16|MId=o090240040162|Strong=3411 28-29 הַמְּעָרָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_24:4!17|MId=o090240040171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 מְּעָרָ֖ה מְעָרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.cave|Ref=1SA_24:4!17|MId=o090240040172|Strong=4631 30 יֹשְׁבִֽים יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=[were].sitting|Ref=1SA_24:4!18|MId=o090240040181|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:090240040142;090240040152;|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=1SA_24:4!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּבֹא *he came* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יָּבֹא *he went* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | הָסֵךְ *cover* | infinitive construct · hiphil | רַגְלָי *feet* | | | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | יֹשְׁבִֽים *\[were\] sitting* | participle active · qal | דָוִד *David* + אֲנָשָׁי *men* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתָא לְחַטְרֵי עָאנָא דְעַל אוֹרְחָא וְתַמָן מְעַרְתָּא וְעַל שָׁאוּל לְמֶעְבַּד צוֹרְכֵיהּ וְדָוִד וְגַבְרוֹהִי בִסְיָפֵי מְעַרְתָּא יָתְבִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he came to the sheepcotes by the way, where was a cave; and Saul went in to cover his feet.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.698/) 2. [Now David and his men were sitting in the innermost parts of the cave.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.699/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:630`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 24:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.24.3/) - next →: [1 Samuel 24:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.24.5/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/24/)