--- title: 1 Samuel 24:9 — David also arose afterward, and went out of the cave, and cried afte… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: David also arose afterward, and went out of the cave, and cried after Saul, saying: 'My lord the king.' And when Saul looked behind him, David bowed with his face to the earth, and prostrated himself. Who acts: David, Saul. 1 Samuel 24:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.24.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/24/) / 24:9 # 1 Samuel 24:9 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, Saul · **What happens:** arise, go out, cry, say, look, bow · **To what, where:** cave, Saul · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 24:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, Saul — and what happens in the verse to cave, Saul, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּ֨קָם דָּוִ֜ד אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן וַיֵּצֵא֙ מֵֽהַמְּעָרָ֔ה וַיִּקְרָ֧א אַֽחֲרֵי־שָׁא֛וּל לֵאמֹ֖ר אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיַּבֵּ֤ט שָׁאוּל֙ אַֽחֲרָ֔יו וַיִּקֹּ֨ד דָּוִ֥ד אַפַּ֛יִם אַ֖רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃ס [David also arose afterward, and went out of the cave, and cried after Saul, saying: 'My lord the king.' And when Saul looked behind him, David bowed with his face to the earth, and prostrated himself.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.705/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:635 # text = וַיָּ֨קָם דָּוִ֜ד אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן וַיֵּצֵא֙ מֵֽהַמְּעָרָ֔ה וַיִּקְרָ֧א אַֽחֲרֵי־שָׁא֛וּל לֵאמֹ֖ר אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיַּבֵּ֤ט שָׁאוּל֙ אַֽחֲרָ֔יו וַיִּקֹּ֨ד דָּוִ֥ד אַפַּ֛יִם אַ֖רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃ס # verse = 1SA.24.9 1-2 וַיָּ֨קָם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_24:9!1|MId=o090240090011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּ֨קָם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.arose|Ref=1SA_24:9!1|MId=o090240090012|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:090240090021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִ֜ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_24:9!2|MId=o090240090021|Strong=1732 4 אַחֲרֵי־ אַחַר ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=1SA_24:9!3|MId=o090240090031|Strong=0310|SpaceAfter=No 5 כֵ֗ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=thus|Ref=1SA_24:9!4|MId=o090240090041|Strong=3651 6-7 וַיֵּצֵא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_24:9!5|MId=o090240090051|Strong=2050b 7 יֵּצֵא֙ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.went.out|Ref=1SA_24:9!5|MId=o090240090052|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:090240090021;|Type=wayyiqtol 8-10 מֵֽהַמְּעָרָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_24:9!8|MId=o090240090081|Strong=4480 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_24:9!8|MId=o090240090082|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 מְּעָרָ֔ה מְעָרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=cave|Ref=1SA_24:9!8|MId=o090240090083|Strong=4631 11-12 וַיִּקְרָ֧א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_24:9!9|MId=o090240090091|Strong=2050b 12 יִּקְרָ֧א קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.called.out|Ref=1SA_24:9!9|MId=o090240090092|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:090240090021;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 אַֽחֲרֵי־ אַחַר ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=1SA_24:9!10|MId=o090240090101|Strong=0310|SpaceAfter=No 14 שָׁא֛וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 12 obl _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_24:9!11|MId=o090240090111|Strong=7586 15-16 לֵאמֹ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 17 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=1SA_24:9!12|MId=o090240090121|Strong=3807a 16 אמֹ֖ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 15 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_24:9!12|MId=o090240090122|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090240090021;A1:090240090131;|Type=infinitive_construct 17-18 אֲדֹנִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 אֲדֹנ אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 ccomp _ Gloss=my.lord|Ref=1SA_24:9!13|MId=o090240090131|Strong=0113 18 ִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_24:9!13|MId=o090240090132|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 19-20 הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_24:9!14|MId=o090240090141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 מֶּ֑לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 appos _ Gloss=king|Ref=1SA_24:9!14|MId=o090240090142|Strong=4428 21-22 וַיַּבֵּ֤ט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_24:9!15|MId=o090240090151|Strong=2050b 22 יַּבֵּ֤ט נָבַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.looked|Ref=1SA_24:9!15|MId=o090240090152|Strong=5027|Frame=A0:090240090161;|Type=wayyiqtol 23 שָׁאוּל֙ שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 22 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_24:9!16|MId=o090240090161|Strong=7586 24-25 אַֽחֲרָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 אַֽחֲרָ֔י אַחַר ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=behind|Ref=1SA_24:9!17|MId=o090240090171|Strong=0310 25 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_24:9!17|MId=o090240090172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26-27 וַיִּקֹּ֨ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_24:9!18|MId=o090240090181|Strong=2050b 27 יִּקֹּ֨ד קָדַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.bowed.low|Ref=1SA_24:9!18|MId=o090240090182|Strong=6915|Frame=A0:090240090191;A1:090240090201;|Type=wayyiqtol 28 דָּוִ֥ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 27 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_24:9!19|MId=o090240090191|Strong=1732 29 אַפַּ֛יִם אַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 27 obj _ Gloss=face|Ref=1SA_24:9!20|MId=o090240090201|Strong=0639 30-31 אַ֖רְצָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 אַ֖רְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=ground|Ref=1SA_24:9!21|MId=o090240090211|Strong=0776 31 ָה ה X _ _ 30 nmod _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=1SA_24:9!21|MId=o090240090212|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 32-33 וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_24:9!22|MId=o090240090221|Strong=2050b 33 יִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ חוה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.bowed.down|Ref=1SA_24:9!22|MId=o090240090222|Strong=7812a|Frame=A0:090240090191;|Type=wayyiqtol 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=1SA_24:9!22|SpaceAfter=No 35 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=1SA_24:9!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּקָם *he arose* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | יֵּצֵא *he went out* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | יִּקְרָא *he called out* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | דָּוִד *David* | אֲדֹנ *my lord* | | | | יַּבֵּט *he looked* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | יִּקֹּד *he bowed low* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | אַפַּיִם *face* | | | | יִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ *he bowed down* | wayyiqtol · hithpael | דָּוִד *David* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְקָם דָוִד בָּתַר כֵּן וּנְפַק מִן מְעַרְתָּא וּקְרָא בָּתַר שָׁאוּל לְמֵימָר רִבּוֹנִי מַלְכָּא וְאִסְתְּכֵי שָׁאוּל לַאֲחוֹרוֹהִי וּכְרַע דָוִד עַל אַפּוֹהִי עַל אַרְעָא וּסְגִיד: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [David also arose afterward, and went out of the cave, and cried after Saul, saying: 'My lord the king.' And when Saul looked behind him, David bowed with his face to the earth, and prostrated himself.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.705/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:635`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 24:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.24.8/) - next →: [1 Samuel 24:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.24.10/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/24/)