--- title: 1 Samuel 25:1 — And Samuel died; and all Israel gathered themselves together, and la… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Samuel died; and all Israel gathered themselves together, and lamented him, and buried him in his house at Ramah. And David arose, and went down to the wilderness of Paran. Who acts: Samuel, Israel, David. 1 Samuel 25:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragma --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/) / 25:1 # 1 Samuel 25:1 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Samuel, Israel, David · **What happens:** die, gather, lament, bury, arise, go down · **To what, where:** themselves, Israel, house This is 1 Samuel 25:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Samuel, Israel, David — and what happens in the verse to themselves, Israel, house, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּ֣מָת שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וַיִּקָּבְצ֤וּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיִּסְפְּדוּ־ל֔וֹ וַיִּקְבְּרֻ֥הוּ בְּבֵית֖וֹ בָּרָמָ֑ה וַיָּ֣קָם דָּוִ֔ד וַיֵּ֖רֶד אֶל־מִדְבַּ֥ר פָּארָֽן׃ס [And Samuel died; and all Israel gathered themselves together, and lamented him, and buried him in his house at Ramah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.721/) [And David arose, and went down to the wilderness of Paran.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.722/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:650 # text = וַיָּ֣מָת שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וַיִּקָּבְצ֤וּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיִּסְפְּדוּ־ל֔וֹ וַיִּקְבְּרֻ֥הוּ בְּבֵית֖וֹ בָּרָמָ֑ה וַיָּ֣קָם דָּוִ֔ד וַיֵּ֖רֶד אֶל־מִדְבַּ֥ר פָּארָֽן׃ס # verse = 1SA.25.1 1-2 וַיָּ֣מָת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:1!1|MId=o090250010011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּ֣מָת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.died|Ref=1SA_25:1!1|MId=o090250010012|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:090250010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל שְׁמוּאֵל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Samuel|Ref=1SA_25:1!2|MId=o090250010021|Strong=8050 4-5 וַיִּקָּבְצ֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:1!3|MId=o090250010031|Strong=2050b 5 יִּקָּבְצ֤וּ קָבַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.gathered.together|Ref=1SA_25:1!3|MId=o090250010032|Strong=6908|Frame=A0:090250010051;|Type=wayyiqtol 6 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_25:1!4|MId=o090250010041|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 7 יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1SA_25:1!5|MId=o090250010051|Strong=3478 8-9 וַיִּסְפְּדוּ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:1!6|MId=o090250010061|Strong=2050b 9 יִּסְפְּדוּ־ סָפַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.mourned|Ref=1SA_25:1!6|MId=o090250010062|Strong=5594|Frame=A0:090250010051;|Type=wayyiqtol 10-11 ל֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 ל לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_25:1!7|MId=o090250010071|Strong=3807a 11 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_25:1!7|MId=o090250010072|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12-14 וַיִּקְבְּרֻ֥הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:1!8|MId=o090250010081|Strong=2050b 13 יִּקְבְּרֻ֥ קָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=1SA_25:1!8|MId=o090250010082|Strong=6912|Frame=A0:090250010051;A1:090250010083;|Type=wayyiqtol 14 הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obj _ Gloss=buried.him|Ref=1SA_25:1!8|MId=o090250010083|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 15-17 בְּבֵית֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=1SA_25:1!9|MId=o090250010091|Strong=0871a 16 בֵית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=house|Ref=1SA_25:1!9|MId=o090250010092|Strong=1004 17 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_25:1!9|MId=o090250010093|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18-20 בָּרָמָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_25:1!10|MId=o090250010101|Strong=0871a 19 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_25:1!10|MId=o090250010101ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 רָמָ֑ה רָמָה PROPN _ _ 13 obl _ Gloss=Ramah|Ref=1SA_25:1!10|MId=o090250010102|Strong=7414 21-22 וַיָּ֣קָם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:1!11|MId=o090250010111|Strong=2050b 22 יָּ֣קָם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.arose|Ref=1SA_25:1!11|MId=o090250010112|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:090250010121;|Type=wayyiqtol 23 דָּוִ֔ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 22 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_25:1!12|MId=o090250010121|Strong=1732 24-25 וַיֵּ֖רֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:1!13|MId=o090250010131|Strong=2050b 25 יֵּ֖רֶד יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.went.down|Ref=1SA_25:1!13|MId=o090250010132|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:090250010121;|Type=wayyiqtol 26 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_25:1!14|MId=o090250010141|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 27 מִדְבַּ֥ר מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=the.wilderness|Ref=1SA_25:1!15|MId=o090250010151|Strong=4057 28 פָּארָֽן פָּארָן PROPN _ _ 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Paran|Ref=1SA_25:1!16|MId=o090250010161|Strong=6290|SpaceAfter=No 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=1SA_25:1!16|SpaceAfter=No 30 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=1SA_25:1!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּמָת *he died* | wayyiqtol · qal | שְׁמוּאֵל *Samuel* | | | | | יִּקָּבְצוּ *they gathered together* | wayyiqtol · niphal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | | יִּסְפְּדוּ־ *they mourned* | wayyiqtol · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | | יִּקְבְּרֻ *they* | wayyiqtol · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | הוּ *buried him* | | | | יָּקָם *he arose* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | יֵּרֶד *he went down* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּמִית שְׁמוּאֵל וְאִתְכְּנִישׁוּ כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל וּסְפָדוּ עֲלוֹהִי וּקְבָרוּהִי בְּבֵיתֵיהּ בְּרָמָה וְקָם דָוִד וּנְחַת לְמַדְבְּרָא דְפָארָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Samuel died; and all Israel gathered themselves together, and lamented him, and buried him in his house at Ramah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.721/) 2. [And David arose, and went down to the wilderness of Paran.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.722/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:650`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 24:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.24.23/) - next →: [1 Samuel 25:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.2/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/)