--- title: 1 Samuel 25:10 — And Nabal answered David's servants, and said: 'Who is David? and wh… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Nabal answered David's servants, and said: 'Who is David? and who is the son of Jesse? there are many servants now-a-days that break away every man from his master; Who acts: Nabal, David, many servants. 1 Samuel 25:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmat --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/) / 25:10 # 1 Samuel 25:10 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Nabal, David, many servants · **What happens:** answer, say, be, break away · **To what, where:** servants, David, son, man · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 25:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Nabal, David, many servants — and what happens in the verse to servants, David, son, man, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּ֨עַן נָבָ֜ל אֶת־עַבְדֵ֤י דָוִד֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר מִ֥י דָוִ֖ד וּמִ֣י בֶן־יִשָׁ֑י הַיּוֹם֙ רַבּ֣וּ עֲבָדִ֔ים הַמִּתְפָּ֣רְצִ֔ים אִ֖ישׁ מִפְּנֵ֥י אֲדֹנָֽיו׃ [And Nabal answered David's servants, and said: 'Who is David? and who is the son of Jesse? there are many servants now-a-days that break away every man from his master;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.731/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:659 # text = וַיַּ֨עַן נָבָ֜ל אֶת־עַבְדֵ֤י דָוִד֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר מִ֥י דָוִ֖ד וּמִ֣י בֶן־יִשָׁ֑י הַיּוֹם֙ רַבּ֣וּ עֲבָדִ֔ים הַמִּתְפָּ֣רְצִ֔ים אִ֖ישׁ מִפְּנֵ֥י אֲדֹנָֽיו׃ # verse = 1SA.25.10 1-2 וַיַּ֨עַן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:10!1|MId=o090250100011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּ֨עַן עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.answered|Ref=1SA_25:10!1|MId=o090250100012|Strong=6030|Frame=A0:090250100021;A1:090250100041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 נָבָ֜ל נָבָל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Nabal|Ref=1SA_25:10!2|MId=o090250100021|Strong=5037 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_25:10!3|MId=o090250100031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5 עַבְדֵ֤י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=the.servants|Ref=1SA_25:10!4|MId=o090250100041|Strong=5650 6 דָוִד֙ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.David|Ref=1SA_25:10!5|MId=o090250100051|Strong=1732 7-8 וַיֹּ֔אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:10!6|MId=o090250100061|Strong=2050b 8 יֹּ֔אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_25:10!6|MId=o090250100062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090250100021;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 מִ֥י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 8 ccomp _ Gloss=who?|Ref=1SA_25:10!7|MId=o090250100071|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 10 דָוִ֖ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 9 nsubj _ Gloss=[is].David|Ref=1SA_25:10!8|MId=o090250100081|Strong=1732 11-12 וּמִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:10!9|MId=o090250100091|Strong=2050b 12 מִ֣י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 9 conj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=1SA_25:10!9|MId=o090250100092|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 13 בֶן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=[is].the.son|Ref=1SA_25:10!10|MId=o090250100101|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 14 יִשָׁ֑י יִשַׁי PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jesse|Ref=1SA_25:10!11|MId=o090250100111|Strong=3448 15-16 הַיּוֹם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_25:10!12|MId=o090250100121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 יּוֹם֙ יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=1SA_25:10!12|MId=o090250100122|Strong=3117 17 רַבּ֣וּ רבב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 9 parataxis _ Gloss=they.are.many|Ref=1SA_25:10!13|MId=o090250100131|Strong=7231|Frame=A0:090250100141;|Type=qatal 18 עֲבָדִ֔ים עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ Gloss=servants|Ref=1SA_25:10!14|MId=o090250100141|Strong=5650 19-20 הַמִּתְפָּ֣רְצִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=[who].break|Ref=1SA_25:10!15|MId=o090250100151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 מִּתְפָּ֣רְצִ֔ים פָּרַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Plur 18 appos _ Gloss=away|Ref=1SA_25:10!15|MId=o090250100152|Strong=6555|Frame=A0:090250100141;|Type=participle_active 21 אִ֖ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=each.one|Ref=1SA_25:10!16|MId=o090250100161|Strong=0376 22-23 מִפְּנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_25:10!17|MId=o090250100171|Strong=4480 23 פְּנֵ֥י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 20 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=1SA_25:10!17|MId=o090250100172|Strong=6440 24-25 אֲדֹנָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 אֲדֹנָֽי אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=master(s)|Ref=1SA_25:10!18|MId=o090250100181|Strong=0113 25 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_25:10!18|MId=o090250100182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=1SA_25:10!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעַן *he answered* | wayyiqtol · qal | נָבָל *Nabal* | עַבְדֵי *the servants* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | נָבָל *Nabal* | | | | | רַבּוּ *they are many* | qatal · qal | עֲבָדִים *servants* | | | | | מִּתְפָּרְצִים *away* | participle active · hithpael | עֲבָדִים *servants* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתֵיב נָבָל יַת עַבְדֵי דָוִד וַאֲמַר מַן דָוִד וּמַן בַּר יִשַׁי יוֹמָא דֵין דְסַגִיאִין עַבְדַיָא דְעָרְקִין וּדְמִטַמְרִין גְבַר מִן קֳדָם רִבּוֹנֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Nabal answered David's servants, and said: 'Who is David? and who is the son of Jesse? there are many servants now-a-days that break away every man from his master;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.731/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:659`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 25:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.9/) - next →: [1 Samuel 25:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.11/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/)