--- title: 1 Samuel 25:13 — And David said unto his men: 'Gird ye on every man his sword.' And t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David said unto his men: 'Gird ye on every man his sword.' And they girded on every man his sword; and David also girded on his sword; and there went up after David about four hundred men; and two hundred abode by the baggage. Who acts: David, ye, bread, hundred men. 1 Samuel 25:13 in Hebrew wit --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/) / 25:13 # 1 Samuel 25:13 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, ye, bread, hundred men · **What happens:** say, gird, go up · **To what, where:** sword · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 25:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, ye, bread, hundred men — and what happens in the verse to sword, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּאמֶר֩ דָּוִ֨ד לַאֲנָשָׁ֜יו חִגְר֣וּ ׀ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־חַרְבּ֗וֹ וַֽיַּחְגְּרוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־חַרְבּ֔וֹ וַיַּחְגֹּ֥ר גַּם־דָּוִ֖ד אֶת־חַרְבּ֑וֹ וַֽיַּעֲל֣וּ ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י דָוִ֗ד כְּאַרְבַּ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ אִ֔ישׁ וּמָאתַ֖יִם יָשְׁב֥וּ עַל־הַכֵּלִֽים׃ [And David said unto his men: 'Gird ye on every man his sword.' And they girded on every man his sword; and David also girded on his sword; and there went up after David about four hundred men; and two hundred abode by the baggage.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.734/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:662 # text = וַיֹּאמֶר֩ דָּוִ֨ד לַאֲנָשָׁ֜יו חִגְר֣וּ ׀ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־חַרְבּ֗וֹ וַֽיַּחְגְּרוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־חַרְבּ֔וֹ וַיַּחְגֹּ֥ר גַּם־דָּוִ֖ד אֶת־חַרְבּ֑וֹ וַֽיַּעֲל֣וּ ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י דָוִ֗ד כְּאַרְבַּ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ אִ֔ישׁ וּמָאתַ֖יִם יָשְׁב֥וּ עַל־הַכֵּלִֽים׃ # verse = 1SA.25.13 1-2 וַיֹּאמֶר֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:13!1|MId=o090250130011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּאמֶר֩ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_25:13!1|MId=o090250130012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090250130021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִ֨ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_25:13!2|MId=o090250130021|Strong=1732 4-6 לַאֲנָשָׁ֜יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_25:13!3|MId=o090250130031|Strong=3807a 5 אֲנָשָׁ֜י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=men|Ref=1SA_25:13!3|MId=o090250130032|Strong=0376 6 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_25:13!3|MId=o090250130033|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7 חִגְר֣וּ חָגַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=gird.on|Ref=1SA_25:13!4|MId=o090250130041|Strong=2296|Frame=A0:090250130032;A1:090250130071;|Type=imperative 8 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ Ref=1SA_25:13!4 9 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=everyone|Ref=1SA_25:13!5|MId=o090250130051|Strong=0376 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_25:13!6|MId=o090250130061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 חַרְבּ֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 חַרְבּ חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 obj _ Gloss=sword|Ref=1SA_25:13!7|MId=o090250130071|Strong=2719 12 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_25:13!7|MId=o090250130072|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 13-14 וַֽיַּחְגְּרוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:13!8|MId=o090250130081|Strong=2050b 14 יַּחְגְּרוּ֙ חָגַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.girded.on|Ref=1SA_25:13!8|MId=o090250130082|Strong=2296|Frame=A0:090250130032;A1:090250130111;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=everyone|Ref=1SA_25:13!9|MId=o090250130091|Strong=0376 16 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_25:13!10|MId=o090250130101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 חַרְבּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 חַרְבּ חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=sword|Ref=1SA_25:13!11|MId=o090250130111|Strong=2719 18 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_25:13!11|MId=o090250130112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 19-20 וַיַּחְגֹּ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:13!12|MId=o090250130121|Strong=2050b 20 יַּחְגֹּ֥ר חָגַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.girded.on|Ref=1SA_25:13!12|MId=o090250130122|Strong=2296|Frame=A0:090250130141;A1:090250130161;|Type=wayyiqtol 21 גַּם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 22 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=1SA_25:13!13|MId=o090250130131|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation|SpaceAfter=No 22 דָּוִ֖ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 20 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_25:13!14|MId=o090250130141|Strong=1732 23 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_25:13!15|MId=o090250130151|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 24-25 חַרְבּ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 חַרְבּ חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 obj _ Gloss=sword|Ref=1SA_25:13!16|MId=o090250130161|Strong=2719 25 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_25:13!16|MId=o090250130162|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26-27 וַֽיַּעֲל֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:13!17|MId=o090250130171|Strong=2050b 27 יַּעֲל֣וּ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.went.up|Ref=1SA_25:13!17|MId=o090250130172|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:090250130221;|Type=wayyiqtol 28 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=1SA_25:13!17 29 אַחֲרֵ֣י אַחַר ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=1SA_25:13!18|MId=o090250130181|Strong=0310 30 דָוִ֗ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 27 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_25:13!19|MId=o090250130191|Strong=1732 31-32 כְּאַרְבַּ֤ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=about|Ref=1SA_25:13!20|MId=o090250130201|Strong=3509a 32 אַרְבַּ֤ע אַרְבַּע NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 34 nummod _ Gloss=four|Ref=1SA_25:13!20|MId=o090250130202|Strong=0702|Type=cardinal_number 33 מֵאוֹת֙ מֵאָה NUM _ Number=Plur 32 flat _ Gloss=hundred(s)|Ref=1SA_25:13!21|MId=o090250130211|Strong=3967|Type=cardinal_number 34 אִ֔ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=man|Ref=1SA_25:13!22|MId=o090250130221|Strong=0376 35-36 וּמָאתַ֖יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:13!23|MId=o090250130231|Strong=2050b 36 מָאתַ֖יִם מֵאָה NUM _ Number=Dual 37 nsubj _ Gloss=two.hundred|Ref=1SA_25:13!23|MId=o090250130232|Strong=3967|Type=cardinal_number 37 יָשְׁב֥וּ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.remained|Ref=1SA_25:13!24|MId=o090250130241|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:090250130232;|Type=qatal 38 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_25:13!25|MId=o090250130251|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 39-40 הַכֵּלִֽים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 40 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_25:13!26|MId=o090250130261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 כֵּלִֽים כְּלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 37 obl _ Gloss=baggage(s)|Ref=1SA_25:13!26|MId=o090250130262|Strong=3627 41 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 40 punct _ Ref=1SA_25:13!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | חִגְרוּ *gird on* | imperative · qal | אֲנָשָׁי *men* | חַרְבּ *sword* | | | | יַּחְגְּרוּ *they girded on* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנָשָׁי *men* | חַרְבּ *sword* | | | | יַּחְגֹּר *he girded on* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | חַרְבּ *sword* | | | | יַּעֲלוּ *they went up* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | יָשְׁבוּ *they remained* | qatal · qal | מָאתַיִם *two hundred* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר דָוִד לְגַבְרוֹהִי זְרִיזוּ גְבַר יַת חַרְבֵּיהּ וְזָרִיזוּ גְבַר יַת חַרְבֵּיהּ וְזָרֵיז אַף דָוִד יַת חַרְבֵּיהּ וּסְלִיקוּ בָּתַר דָוִד כְּאַרְבַּע מְאָה גַבְרָא וּמָאתָן אִשְׁתָּאֲרוּ לְמִטַר מָנַיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David said unto his men: 'Gird ye on every man his sword.' And they girded on every man his sword; and David also girded on his sword; and there went up after David about four hundred men; and two hundred abode by the baggage.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.734/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:662`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 25:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.12/) - next →: [1 Samuel 25:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.14/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/)