--- title: 1 Samuel 25:20 — And it was so, as she rode on her ass, and came down by the covert o… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it was so, as she rode on her ass, and came down by the covert of the mountain, that, behold, David and his men came down towards her; and she met them. — Who acts: evil, Abigail, David. 1 Samuel 25:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clau --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/) / 25:20 # 1 Samuel 25:20 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** evil, Abigail, David · **What happens:** be, ride, come down, meet · **To what, where:** ass, asses This is 1 Samuel 25:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — evil, Abigail, David — and what happens in the verse to ass, asses, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהָיָ֞ה הִ֣יא ׀ רֹכֶ֣בֶת עַֽל־הַחֲמ֗וֹר וְיֹרֶ֙דֶת֙ בְּסֵ֣תֶר הָהָ֔ר וְהִנֵּ֤ה דָוִד֙ וַאֲנָשָׁ֔יו יֹרְדִ֖ים לִקְרָאתָ֑הּ וַתִּפְגֹּ֖שׁ אֹתָֽם׃ [And it was so, as she rode on her ass, and came down by the covert of the mountain, that, behold, David and his men came down towards her; and she met them. —](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.741/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:669 # text = וְהָיָ֞ה הִ֣יא ׀ רֹכֶ֣בֶת עַֽל־הַחֲמ֗וֹר וְיֹרֶ֙דֶת֙ בְּסֵ֣תֶר הָהָ֔ר וְהִנֵּ֤ה דָוִד֙ וַאֲנָשָׁ֔יו יֹרְדִ֖ים לִקְרָאתָ֑הּ וַתִּפְגֹּ֖שׁ אֹתָֽם׃ # verse = 1SA.25.20 1-2 וְהָיָ֞ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:20!1|MId=o090250200011|Strong=2050b 2 הָיָ֞ה הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=1SA_25:20!1|MId=o090250200012|Strong=1961|Type=qatal 3 הִ֣יא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ Gloss=she|Ref=1SA_25:20!2|MId=o090250200021|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 4 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 3 punct _ Ref=1SA_25:20!2 5 רֹכֶ֣בֶת רָכַב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=[was].riding|Ref=1SA_25:20!3|MId=o090250200031|Strong=7392|Frame=A0:090250200021;|Type=participle_active 6 עַֽל־ עַל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_25:20!4|MId=o090250200041|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 הַחֲמ֗וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_25:20!5|MId=o090250200051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 חֲמ֗וֹר חֲמוֹר NOUN _ Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=donkey|Ref=1SA_25:20!5|MId=o090250200052|Strong=2543 9-10 וְיֹרֶ֙דֶת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:20!6|MId=o090250200061|Strong=2050b 10 יֹרֶ֙דֶת֙ יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[she.was].going.down|Ref=1SA_25:20!6|MId=o090250200062|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:090250180031;|Type=participle_active 11-12 בְּסֵ֣תֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_25:20!7|MId=o090250200071|Strong=0871a 12 סֵ֣תֶר סֵתֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=the.cover|Ref=1SA_25:20!7|MId=o090250200072|Strong=5643 13-14 הָהָ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_25:20!8|MId=o090250200081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 הָ֔ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.mountain|Ref=1SA_25:20!8|MId=o090250200082|Strong=2022 15-16 וְהִנֵּ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:20!9|MId=o090250200091|Strong=2050b 16 הִנֵּ֤ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 21 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=1SA_25:20!9|MId=o090250200092|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 17 דָוִד֙ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 21 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_25:20!10|MId=o090250200101|Strong=1732 18-20 וַאֲנָשָׁ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:20!11|MId=o090250200111|Strong=2050b 19 אֲנָשָׁ֔י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 conj _ Gloss=men|Ref=1SA_25:20!11|MId=o090250200112|Strong=0376 20 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_25:20!11|MId=o090250200113|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 21 יֹרְדִ֖ים יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=[were].going.down|Ref=1SA_25:20!12|MId=o090250200121|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:090250200101;090250200112;|Type=participle_active 22-24 לִקְרָאתָ֑הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_25:20!13|MId=o090250200131|Strong=3807a 23 קְרָאת קָרָא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 21 advcl _ Gloss=meet|Ref=1SA_25:20!13|MId=o090250200132|Strong=7122|Frame=A0:090250200101;090250200112;A1:090250200133;|Type=infinitive_construct 24 ָ֑הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ Gloss=her|Ref=1SA_25:20!13|MId=o090250200133|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 25-26 וַתִּפְגֹּ֖שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:20!14|MId=o090250200141|Strong=2050b 26 תִּפְגֹּ֖שׁ פָּגַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.met|Ref=1SA_25:20!14|MId=o090250200142|Strong=6298|Frame=A0:090250180031;A1:090250200152;|Type=wayyiqtol 27-28 אֹתָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_25:20!15|MId=o090250200151|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 28 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=1SA_25:20!15|MId=o090250200152|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=1SA_25:20!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רֹכֶבֶת *\[was\] riding* | participle active · qal | הִיא *she* | | | | | יֹרֶדֶת *\[she was\] going down* | participle active · qal | | | | | | יֹרְדִים *\[were\] going down* | participle active · qal | דָוִד *David* + אֲנָשָׁי *men* | | | | | קְרָאת *meet* | infinitive construct · qal | דָוִד *David* + אֲנָשָׁי *men* | ָהּ *her* | | | | תִּפְגֹּשׁ *she met* | wayyiqtol · qal | | ָֽם *them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה הִיא רְכִיבָא עַל חַמְרָא וּנְחָתַת בִּסְטַר טוּרָא וְהָא דָוִד וְגַבְרוֹהִי נָחֲתִין לָקֳדָמוּתָהּ וַעֲרָעַת יַתְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it was so, as she rode on her ass, and came down by the covert of the mountain, that, behold, David and his men came down towards her; and she met them. —](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.741/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:669`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 25:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.19/) - next →: [1 Samuel 25:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.21/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/)