--- title: 1 Samuel 25:21 — Now David had said: 'Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now David had said: 'Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that pertained unto him; and he hath returned me evil for good. Who acts: David, I, fellow. 1 Samuel 25:21 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/) / 25:21 # 1 Samuel 25:21 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, I, fellow · **What happens:** say, keep, have, miss, pertain, return · **To what, where:** all, vain, wilderness, nothing, me · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 25:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, I, fellow — and what happens in the verse to all, vain, wilderness, nothing, me, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְדָוִ֣ד אָמַ֗ר אַךְ֩ לַשֶּׁ֨קֶר שָׁמַ֜רְתִּי אֶֽת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר לָזֶה֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְלֹא־נִפְקַ֥ד מִכָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֖וֹ מְא֑וּמָה וַיָּֽשֶׁב־לִ֥י רָעָ֖ה תַּ֥חַת טוֹבָֽה׃ [Now David had said: 'Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that pertained unto him; and he hath returned me evil for good.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.742/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:670 # text = וְדָוִ֣ד אָמַ֗ר אַךְ֩ לַשֶּׁ֨קֶר שָׁמַ֜רְתִּי אֶֽת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר לָזֶה֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְלֹא־נִפְקַ֥ד מִכָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֖וֹ מְא֑וּמָה וַיָּֽשֶׁב־לִ֥י רָעָ֖ה תַּ֥חַת טוֹבָֽה׃ # verse = 1SA.25.21 1-2 וְדָוִ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:21!1|MId=o090250210011|Strong=2050b 2 דָוִ֣ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_25:21!1|MId=o090250210012|Strong=1732 3 אָמַ֗ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.had.said|Ref=1SA_25:21!2|MId=o090250210021|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090250210012;|Type=qatal 4 אַךְ֩ אַךְ ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=surely|Ref=1SA_25:21!3|MId=o090250210031|Strong=0389|Type=affirmation 5-7 לַשֶּׁ֨קֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_25:21!4|MId=o090250210041|Strong=3807a 6 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_25:21!4|MId=o090250210041ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 שֶּׁ֨קֶר שֶׁקֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=deception|Ref=1SA_25:21!4|MId=o090250210042|Strong=8267 8 שָׁמַ֜רְתִּי שָׁמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 ccomp _ Gloss=I.have.guarded|Ref=1SA_25:21!5|MId=o090250210051|Strong=8104|Frame=A0:090250210012;A1:090250210071;|Type=qatal 9 אֶֽת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_25:21!6|MId=o090250210061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 10 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_25:21!7|MId=o090250210071|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 11 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=1SA_25:21!8|MId=o090250210081|Strong=0834|Type=relative 12-13 לָזֶה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=1SA_25:21!9|MId=o090250210091|Strong=3807a 13 זֶה֙ זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 10 acl:relcl _ Gloss=this.[man]|Ref=1SA_25:21!9|MId=o090250210092|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 14-16 בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_25:21!10|MId=o090250210101|Strong=0871a 15 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_25:21!10|MId=o090250210101ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 מִּדְבָּ֔ר מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=wilderness|Ref=1SA_25:21!10|MId=o090250210102|Strong=4057 17-18 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:21!11|MId=o090250210111|Strong=2050b 18 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_25:21!11|MId=o090250210112|Strong=3808|Type=negative 19 נִפְקַ֥ד פָּקַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=it.has.been.missing|Ref=1SA_25:21!12|MId=o090250210121|Strong=6485|Frame=A1:090250210161;|Type=qatal 20-21 מִכָּל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=any|Ref=1SA_25:21!13|MId=o090250210131|Strong=4480 21 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=of.all|Ref=1SA_25:21!13|MId=o090250210132|Strong=3605 22 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=1SA_25:21!14|MId=o090250210141|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 23-24 ל֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 ל לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=1SA_25:21!15|MId=o090250210151|Strong=3807a 24 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 acl:relcl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_25:21!15|MId=o090250210152|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 25 מְא֑וּמָה מְאוּמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=anything|Ref=1SA_25:21!16|MId=o090250210161|Strong=3972 26-27 וַיָּֽשֶׁב־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:21!17|MId=o090250210171|Strong=2050b 27 יָּֽשֶׁב־ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.has.returned|Ref=1SA_25:21!17|MId=o090250210172|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:090250190083;A0:090250210191;|Type=wayyiqtol 28-29 לִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 ל לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_25:21!18|MId=o090250210181|Strong=3807a 29 ִ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_25:21!18|MId=o090250210182|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 30 רָעָ֖ה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 27 obj _ Gloss=evil|Ref=1SA_25:21!19|MId=o090250210191|Strong=7451b 31 תַּ֥חַת תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 27 obl _ Gloss=in.place.of|Ref=1SA_25:21!20|MId=o090250210201|Strong=8478 32 טוֹבָֽה טוֹבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=good|Ref=1SA_25:21!21|MId=o090250210211|Strong=2896b|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=1SA_25:21!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he had said* | qatal · qal | דָוִד *David* | | | | | שָׁמַרְתִּי *I have guarded* | qatal · qal | דָוִד *David* | כָּל־ *all* | | | | **not** נִפְקַד *it has been missing* | qatal · niphal | | מְאוּמָה *anything* | | | | יָּֽשֶׁב־ *he has returned* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | רָעָה *evil* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְדָוִד אֲמַר בְּרַם לְשִׁקְרָא נְטָרִית יַת כָּל דִי לְדֵין בְּמַדְבְּרָא וְלָא שְׁגָא מִכָּל דִי לֵיהּ מִדָעַם וַאַתֵיב לִי בִּישְׁתָּא חֲלַף טַבְתָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now David had said: 'Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that pertained unto him; and he hath returned me evil for good.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.742/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:670`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 25:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.20/) - next →: [1 Samuel 25:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.22/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/)