--- title: 1 Samuel 25:22 — God do so unto the enemies of David, and more also, if I leave of al… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: God do so unto the enemies of David, and more also, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light so much as one male.' — Who acts: I. 1 Samuel 25:22 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/) / 25:22 # 1 Samuel 25:22 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** I · **What happens:** leave, pertain · **To what, where:** David This is 1 Samuel 25:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I — and what happens in the verse to David, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כֹּה־יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה אֱלֹהִ֛ים לְאֹיְבֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד וְכֹ֣ה יֹסִ֑יף אִם־אַשְׁאִ֧יר מִכָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ עַד־הַבֹּ֖קֶר מַשְׁתִּ֥ין בְּקִֽיר׃ [God do so unto the enemies of David, and more also, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light so much as one male.' —](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.743/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:671 # text = כֹּה־יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה אֱלֹהִ֛ים לְאֹיְבֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד וְכֹ֣ה יֹסִ֑יף אִם־אַשְׁאִ֧יר מִכָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ עַד־הַבֹּ֖קֶר מַשְׁתִּ֥ין בְּקִֽיר׃ # verse = 1SA.25.22 1 כֹּה־ כֹּה ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=1SA_25:22!1|MId=o090250220011|Strong=3541|SpaceAfter=No 2 יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=may.he.do|Ref=1SA_25:22!2|MId=o090250220021|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:090250220031;|Type=jussive 3 אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=1SA_25:22!3|MId=o090250220031|Strong=0430 4-5 לְאֹיְבֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_25:22!4|MId=o090250220041|Strong=3807a 5 אֹיְבֵ֥י אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=the.enemies|Ref=1SA_25:22!4|MId=o090250220042|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 6 דָוִ֖ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_25:22!5|MId=o090250220051|Strong=1732 7-8 וְכֹ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:22!6|MId=o090250220061|Strong=2050b 8 כֹ֣ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=1SA_25:22!6|MId=o090250220062|Strong=3541 9 יֹסִ֑יף יָסַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=may.he.add|Ref=1SA_25:22!7|MId=o090250220071|Strong=3254|Frame=A0:090250220031;|Type=jussive 10 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=1SA_25:22!8|MId=o090250220081|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 11 אַשְׁאִ֧יר שָׁאַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=I.will.leave|Ref=1SA_25:22!9|MId=o090250220091|Strong=7604|Frame=AA:090250220051;A0:090250220151;|Type=yiqtol 12-13 מִכָּל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_25:22!10|MId=o090250220101|Strong=4480 13 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_25:22!10|MId=o090250220102|Strong=3605 14 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=1SA_25:22!11|MId=o090250220111|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 ל֛וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 ל לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=1SA_25:22!12|MId=o090250220121|Strong=3807a 16 ֛וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 acl:relcl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_25:22!12|MId=o090250220122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=1SA_25:22!13|MId=o090250220131|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 הַבֹּ֖קֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_25:22!14|MId=o090250220141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 בֹּ֖קֶר בֹּקֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=morning|Ref=1SA_25:22!14|MId=o090250220142|Strong=1242 20 מַשְׁתִּ֥ין שָׁתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 11 obj _ Gloss=[one.who].urinates|Ref=1SA_25:22!15|MId=o090250220151|Strong=8366a|Type=participle_active 21-22 בְּקִֽיר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_25:22!16|MId=o090250220161|Strong=0871a 22 קִֽיר קִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=a.wall|Ref=1SA_25:22!16|MId=o090250220162|Strong=7023 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=1SA_25:22!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַעֲשֶׂה *may he do* | jussive · qal | אֱלֹהִים *God* | | | | | יֹסִיף *may he add* | jussive · hiphil | אֱלֹהִים *God* | | | | | אַשְׁאִיר *I will leave* | yiqtol · hiphil | מַשְׁתִּין *\[one who\] urinates* | | | דָוִד *David* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} כְּדֵין יַעְבֵּיד אֱלֹהִים לְסַנְאֵי דָוִד וּכְדֵין יוֹסִיף אִם אַשְׁאִיר מִכָּל דִי לֵיהּ עַד מַנְהַר צַפְרָא יְדַע מַדָע: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [God do so unto the enemies of David, and more also, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light so much as one male.' —](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.743/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:671`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 25:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.21/) - next →: [1 Samuel 25:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.23/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/)