--- title: 1 Samuel 25:23 — And when Abigail saw David, she made haste, and alighted from her as… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And when Abigail saw David, she made haste, and alighted from her ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed down to the ground. Who acts: Abigail. 1 Samuel 25:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/) / 25:23 # 1 Samuel 25:23 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Abigail · **What happens:** see, make, alight, fall, bow down · **To what, where:** David, haste, ass, face This is 1 Samuel 25:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abigail — and what happens in the verse to David, haste, ass, face, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתֵּ֤רֶא אֲבִיגַ֙יִל֙ אֶת־דָּוִ֔ד וַתְּמַהֵ֕ר וַתֵּ֖רֶד מֵעַ֣ל הַחֲמ֑וֹר וַתִּפֹּ֞ל לְאַפֵּ֤י דָוִד֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔יהָ וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ אָֽרֶץ׃ [And when Abigail saw David, she made haste, and alighted from her ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed down to the ground.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.744/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:672 # text = וַתֵּ֤רֶא אֲבִיגַ֙יִל֙ אֶת־דָּוִ֔ד וַתְּמַהֵ֕ר וַתֵּ֖רֶד מֵעַ֣ל הַחֲמ֑וֹר וַתִּפֹּ֞ל לְאַפֵּ֤י דָוִד֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔יהָ וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ אָֽרֶץ׃ # verse = 1SA.25.23 1-2 וַתֵּ֤רֶא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:23!1|MId=o090250230011|Strong=2050b 2 תֵּ֤רֶא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=she.saw|Ref=1SA_25:23!1|MId=o090250230012|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:090250230021;A1:090250230041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֲבִיגַ֙יִל֙ אֲבִיגַיִל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Abigail|Ref=1SA_25:23!2|MId=o090250230021|Strong=0026 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_25:23!3|MId=o090250230031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5 דָּוִ֔ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 obj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_25:23!4|MId=o090250230041|Strong=1732 6-7 וַתְּמַהֵ֕ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:23!5|MId=o090250230051|Strong=2050b 7 תְּמַהֵ֕ר מָהַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.made.haste|Ref=1SA_25:23!5|MId=o090250230052|Strong=4116|Frame=A0:090250230021;|Type=wayyiqtol 8-9 וַתֵּ֖רֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:23!6|MId=o090250230061|Strong=2050b 9 תֵּ֖רֶד יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.came.down|Ref=1SA_25:23!6|MId=o090250230062|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:090250230021;|Type=wayyiqtol 10-11 מֵעַ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_25:23!7|MId=o090250230071|Strong=4480 11 עַ֣ל עַל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_25:23!7|MId=o090250230072|Strong=5921 12-13 הַחֲמ֑וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_25:23!8|MId=o090250230081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 חֲמ֑וֹר חֲמוֹר NOUN _ Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=donkey|Ref=1SA_25:23!8|MId=o090250230082|Strong=2543 14-15 וַתִּפֹּ֞ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:23!9|MId=o090250230091|Strong=2050b 15 תִּפֹּ֞ל נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.fell|Ref=1SA_25:23!9|MId=o090250230092|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:090250230021;|Type=wayyiqtol 16-17 לְאַפֵּ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_25:23!10|MId=o090250230101|Strong=3807a 17 אַפֵּ֤י אַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 15 obl _ Gloss=the.face|Ref=1SA_25:23!10|MId=o090250230102|Strong=0639 18 דָוִד֙ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.David|Ref=1SA_25:23!11|MId=o090250230111|Strong=1732 19 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_25:23!12|MId=o090250230121|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 פָּנֶ֔יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 פָּנֶ֔י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 15 obl _ Gloss=face|Ref=1SA_25:23!13|MId=o090250230131|Strong=6440 21 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=1SA_25:23!13|MId=o090250230132|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 22-23 וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:23!14|MId=o090250230141|Strong=2050b 23 תִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ חוה VERB _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.bowed.down|Ref=1SA_25:23!14|MId=o090250230142|Strong=7812a|Frame=A0:090250230021;|Type=wayyiqtol 24 אָֽרֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=[the].ground|Ref=1SA_25:23!15|MId=o090250230151|Strong=0776|SpaceAfter=No 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=1SA_25:23!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תֵּרֶא *she saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִיגַיִל *Abigail* | דָּוִד *David* | | | | תְּמַהֵר *she made haste* | wayyiqtol · piel | אֲבִיגַיִל *Abigail* | | | | | תֵּרֶד *she came down* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִיגַיִל *Abigail* | | | | | תִּפֹּל *she fell* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִיגַיִל *Abigail* | | | | | תִּשְׁתַּחוּ *she bowed down* | wayyiqtol | אֲבִיגַיִל *Abigail* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַחֲזַת אֲבִיגַיל יַת דָוִד וְאוֹחִיאַת וְאִתְרְכִינַת מֵעַל חַמָרָא וּנְפַלַת לְאַפֵּי דָוִד עַל אַפָּהָא וּסְגִידַת עַל אַרְעָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And when Abigail saw David, she made haste, and alighted from her ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed down to the ground.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.744/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:672`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 25:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.22/) - next →: [1 Samuel 25:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.24/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/)