--- title: 1 Samuel 25:25 — Let not my lord, I pray thee, regard this base fellow, even Nabal; f… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Let not my lord, I pray thee, regard this base fellow, even Nabal; for as his name is, so is he: Nabal is his name, and churlishness is with him; but I thy handmaid saw not the young men of my lord, whom thou didst send. Who acts: you, I, name, churlishness. 1 Samuel 25:25 in Hebrew with its depende --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.25/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/) / 25:25 # 1 Samuel 25:25 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** you, I, name, churlishness, thou, fellow · **What happens:** not let, pray, regard, be, not see, send · **To what, where:** lord, thee, base fellow, name, young men This is 1 Samuel 25:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, I, name, churlishness, thou, fellow — and what happens in the verse to lord, thee, base fellow, name, young men, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אַל־נָ֣א יָשִׂ֣ים אֲדֹנִ֣י ׀ אֶת־לִבּ֡וֹ אֶל־אִישׁ֩ הַבְּלִיַּ֨עַל הַזֶּ֜ה עַל־נָבָ֗ל כִּ֤י כִשְׁמוֹ֙ כֶּן־ה֔וּא נָבָ֣ל שְׁמ֔וֹ וּנְבָלָ֖ה עִמּ֑וֹ וַֽאֲנִי֙ אֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ לֹ֥א רָאִ֛יתִי אֶת־נַעֲרֵ֥י אֲדֹנִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁלָֽחְתָּ׃ [Let not my lord, I pray thee, regard this base fellow, even Nabal; for as his name is, so is he: Nabal is his name, and churlishness is with him; but I thy handmaid saw not the young men of my lord, whom thou didst send.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.746/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:674 # text = אַל־נָ֣א יָשִׂ֣ים אֲדֹנִ֣י ׀ אֶת־לִבּ֡וֹ אֶל־אִישׁ֩ הַבְּלִיַּ֨עַל הַזֶּ֜ה עַל־נָבָ֗ל כִּ֤י כִשְׁמוֹ֙ כֶּן־ה֔וּא נָבָ֣ל שְׁמ֔וֹ וּנְבָלָ֖ה עִמּ֑וֹ וַֽאֲנִי֙ אֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ לֹ֥א רָאִ֛יתִי אֶת־נַעֲרֵ֥י אֲדֹנִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁלָֽחְתָּ׃ # verse = 1SA.25.25 1 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_25:25!1|MId=o090250250011|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 2 נָ֣א נָא INTJ _ _ 3 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=1SA_25:25!2|MId=o090250250021|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 3 יָשִׂ֣ים שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=let.him.set|Ref=1SA_25:25!3|MId=o090250250031|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:090250250041;A1:090250250061;|Type=jussive 4-5 אֲדֹנִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 אֲדֹנ אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=lord|Ref=1SA_25:25!4|MId=o090250250041|Strong=0113 5 ִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_25:25!4|MId=o090250250042|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 6 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ Ref=1SA_25:25!4 7 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_25:25!5|MId=o090250250051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 לִבּ֡וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לִבּ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=1SA_25:25!6|MId=o090250250061|Strong=3820 9 ֡וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_25:25!6|MId=o090250250062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 10 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_25:25!7|MId=o090250250071|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 11 אִישׁ֩ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=the.man|Ref=1SA_25:25!8|MId=o090250250081|Strong=0376 12-13 הַבְּלִיַּ֨עַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=1SA_25:25!9|MId=o090250250091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 בְּלִיַּ֨עַל בְּלִיַּעַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=worthlessness|Ref=1SA_25:25!9|MId=o090250250092|Strong=1100 14-15 הַזֶּ֜ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_25:25!10|MId=o090250250101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 זֶּ֜ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 13 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_25:25!10|MId=o090250250102|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 16 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_25:25!11|MId=o090250250111|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 17 נָבָ֗ל נָבָל PROPN _ _ 11 nmod _ Gloss=Nabal|Ref=1SA_25:25!12|MId=o090250250121|Strong=5037 18 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_25:25!13|MId=o090250250131|Strong=3588 19-21 כִשְׁמוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 כִ כְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=1SA_25:25!14|MId=o090250250141|Strong=3509a 20 שְׁמ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=name|Ref=1SA_25:25!14|MId=o090250250142|Strong=8034 21 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_25:25!14|MId=o090250250143|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 22 כֶּן־ כֵּן ADV _ _ 3 advcl _ Gloss=[is].so|Ref=1SA_25:25!15|MId=o090250250151|Strong=3651|SpaceAfter=No 23 ה֔וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_25:25!16|MId=o090250250161|Strong=1931|Type=personal 24 נָבָ֣ל נָבָל PROPN _ _ 3 parataxis _ Gloss=[is].Nabal|Ref=1SA_25:25!17|MId=o090250250171|Strong=5037 25-26 שְׁמ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 שְׁמ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=name|Ref=1SA_25:25!18|MId=o090250250181|Strong=8034 26 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_25:25!18|MId=o090250250182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27-28 וּנְבָלָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:25!19|MId=o090250250191|Strong=2050b 28 נְבָלָ֖ה נְבָלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ Gloss=disgraceful.folly|Ref=1SA_25:25!19|MId=o090250250192|Strong=5039 29-30 עִמּ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=[is].with|Ref=1SA_25:25!20|MId=o090250250201|Strong=5973 30 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 conj _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_25:25!20|MId=o090250250202|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 31-32 וַֽאֲנִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:25!21|MId=o090250250211|Strong=2050b 32 אֲנִי֙ אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=1SA_25:25!21|MId=o090250250212|Strong=0589|Type=personal 33-34 אֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 אֲמָ֣ת אָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 32 appos _ Gloss=maidservant|Ref=1SA_25:25!22|MId=o090250250221|Strong=0519 34 ְךָ֔ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_25:25!22|MId=o090250250222|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 35 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 36 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_25:25!23|MId=o090250250231|Strong=3808|Type=negative 36 רָאִ֛יתִי רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 conj _ Gloss=I.saw|Ref=1SA_25:25!24|MId=o090250250241|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:090250250212;A1:090250250261;|Type=qatal 37 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_25:25!25|MId=o090250250251|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 38 נַעֲרֵ֥י נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 36 obj _ Gloss=the.young.men|Ref=1SA_25:25!26|MId=o090250250261|Strong=5288 39-40 אֲדֹנִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 אֲדֹנ אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 compound:smixut _ Gloss=my.lord|Ref=1SA_25:25!27|MId=o090250250271|Strong=0113 40 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 39 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_25:25!27|MId=o090250250272|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 41 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 42 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=1SA_25:25!28|MId=o090250250281|Strong=0834|Type=relative 42 שָׁלָֽחְתָּ שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 38 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.sent|Ref=1SA_25:25!29|MId=o090250250291|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:090250250271;A1:090250250261;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 43 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 42 punct _ Ref=1SA_25:25!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes - hedged: yes (נָא) | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** יָשִׂים *let him set* | jussive · qal | אֲדֹנ *lord* | לִבּ *heart* | | | | **not** רָאִיתִי *I saw* | qatal · qal | אֲנִי *I* | נַעֲרֵי *the young men* | | | | שָׁלָֽחְתָּ *you sent* | qatal · qal | אֲדֹנ *my lord* | נַעֲרֵי *the young men* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} לָא כְעַן יְשַׁוֵי רִבּוֹנִי יַת לִבֵּיהּ עַל גַבְרָא שַׁטְיָא הָדֵין עַל נָבָל אֲרֵי כִשְׁמֵיהּ כֵּן הוּא נָבָל שְׁמֵיהּ וְטִפְּשׁוּתָא עִמֵיהּ וַאֲנָא אַמְתָךְ לָא חֲזֵתִי יַת עוּלֵמֵי רִבּוֹנִי דִשְׁלָחְתָּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Let not my lord, I pray thee, regard this base fellow, even Nabal; for as his name is, so is he: Nabal is his name, and churlishness is with him; but I thy handmaid saw not the young men of my lord, whom thou didst send.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.746/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:674`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 25:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.24/) - next →: [1 Samuel 25:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.26/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/)