--- title: 1 Samuel 25:28 — Forgive, I pray thee, the trespass of thy handmaid; for the LORD wil… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Forgive, I pray thee, the trespass of thy handmaid; for the LORD will certainly make my lord a sure house, because my lord fighteth the battles of the LORD; and evil is not found in thee all thy days. Who acts: you, I, LORD, handmaid. 1 Samuel 25:28 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonatha --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/) / 25:28 # 1 Samuel 25:28 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** you, I, LORD, handmaid · **What happens:** forgive, pray, make, fight, not find, trespass · **To what, where:** trespass, thee, lord, battles, evil This is 1 Samuel 25:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, I, LORD, handmaid — and what happens in the verse to trespass, thee, lord, battles, evil, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. שָׂ֥א נָ֖א לְפֶ֣שַׁע אֲמָתֶ֑ךָ כִּ֣י עָשֹֽׂה־יַעֲשֶׂה֩ יְהוָ֨ה לַֽאדֹנִ֜י בַּ֣יִת נֶאֱמָ֗ן כִּי־מִלְחֲמ֤וֹת יְהוָה֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י נִלְחָ֔ם וְרָעָ֛ה לֹא־תִמָּצֵ֥א בְךָ֖ מִיָּמֶֽיךָ׃ [Forgive, I pray thee, the trespass of thy handmaid; for the LORD will certainly make my lord a sure house, because my lord fighteth the battles of the LORD; and evil is not found in thee all thy days.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.749/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:677 # text = שָׂ֥א נָ֖א לְפֶ֣שַׁע אֲמָתֶ֑ךָ כִּ֣י עָשֹֽׂה־יַעֲשֶׂה֩ יְהוָ֨ה לַֽאדֹנִ֜י בַּ֣יִת נֶאֱמָ֗ן כִּי־מִלְחֲמ֤וֹת יְהוָה֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י נִלְחָ֔ם וְרָעָ֛ה לֹא־תִמָּצֵ֥א בְךָ֖ מִיָּמֶֽיךָ׃ # verse = 1SA.25.28 1 שָׂ֥א נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=forgive|Ref=1SA_25:28!1|MId=o090250280011|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:090250270121;|Type=imperative 2 נָ֖א נָא INTJ _ _ 1 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=1SA_25:28!2|MId=o090250280021|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 3-4 לְפֶ֣שַׁע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_25:28!3|MId=o090250280031|Strong=3807a 4 פֶ֣שַׁע פֶּשַׁע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obl _ Gloss=the.transgression|Ref=1SA_25:28!3|MId=o090250280032|Strong=6588 5-6 אֲמָתֶ֑ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 אֲמָת אָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.maidservant|Ref=1SA_25:28!4|MId=o090250280041|Strong=0519 6 ֶ֑ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_25:28!4|MId=o090250280042|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 7 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_25:28!5|MId=o090250280051|Strong=3588 8 עָשֹֽׂה־ עָשָׂה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 obl:npmod _ Gloss=surely.(make)|Ref=1SA_25:28!6|MId=o090250280061|Strong=6213|Type=infinitive_absolute|SpaceAfter=No 9 יַעֲשֶׂה֩ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 advcl _ Gloss=he.will.make|Ref=1SA_25:28!7|MId=o090250280071|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:090250280081;A1:090250280101;|Type=yiqtol 10 יְהוָ֨ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 9 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_25:28!8|MId=o090250280081|Strong=3068 11-13 לַֽאדֹנִ֜י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_25:28!9|MId=o090250280091|Strong=3807a 12 אדֹנ אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=lord|Ref=1SA_25:28!9|MId=o090250280092|Strong=0113 13 ִ֜י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_25:28!9|MId=o090250280093|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 14 בַּ֣יִת בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=a.house|Ref=1SA_25:28!10|MId=o090250280101|Strong=1004 15 נֶאֱמָ֗ן אָמַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 14 nmod _ Gloss=enduring|Ref=1SA_25:28!11|MId=o090250280111|Strong=0539|Frame=A0:090250280101;|Type=participle_active 16 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_25:28!12|MId=o090250280121|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 17 מִלְחֲמ֤וֹת מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 21 obj _ Gloss=the.battles|Ref=1SA_25:28!13|MId=o090250280131|Strong=4421 18 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=1SA_25:28!14|MId=o090250280141|Strong=3068 19-20 אֲדֹנִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 אֲדֹנ אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ Gloss=lord|Ref=1SA_25:28!15|MId=o090250280151|Strong=0113 20 ִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_25:28!15|MId=o090250280152|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 21 נִלְחָ֔ם לָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 1 advcl _ Gloss=[is].fighting|Ref=1SA_25:28!16|MId=o090250280161|Strong=3898|Frame=A1:090250280131;A0:090250280151;|Type=participle_active 22-23 וְרָעָ֛ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:28!17|MId=o090250280171|Strong=2050b 23 רָעָ֛ה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=evil|Ref=1SA_25:28!17|MId=o090250280172|Strong=7451b 24 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 25 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_25:28!18|MId=o090250280181|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 25 תִמָּצֵ֥א מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=it.will.be.found|Ref=1SA_25:28!19|MId=o090250280191|Strong=4672|Frame=A1:090250280172;|Type=yiqtol 26-27 בְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_25:28!20|MId=o090250280201|Strong=0871a 27 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_25:28!20|MId=o090250280202|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 28-30 מִיָּמֶֽיךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_25:28!21|MId=o090250280211|Strong=4480 29 יָּמֶֽי יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 obl _ Gloss=days|Ref=1SA_25:28!21|MId=o090250280212|Strong=3117 30 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_25:28!21|MId=o090250280213|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=1SA_25:28!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes - hedged: yes (נָא) | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׂא *forgive* | imperative · qal | | | | | | יַעֲשֶׂה *he will make* | yiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | בַּיִת *a house* | | | | נֶאֱמָן *enduring* | participle active · niphal | בַּיִת *a house* | | | | | נִלְחָם *\[is\] fighting* | participle active · niphal | אֲדֹנ *lord* | מִלְחֲמוֹת *the battles* | | | | **not** תִמָּצֵא *it will be found* | yiqtol · niphal | | רָעָה *evil* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} שְׁבוֹק כְּעַן לְחוֹבֵי אַמְתָךְ אֲרֵי קְיָמָא יְקַיֵים יְיָ לְרִבּוֹנִי מַלְכוּ קְיָמָא אֲרֵי קְרָבֵי עַמָא דַייָ רִבּוֹנִי מְגִיחַ וּבִישְׁתָּא לָא אִשְׁתְּכַחַת בָּךְ מִיוֹמָךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Forgive, I pray thee, the trespass of thy handmaid; for the LORD will certainly make my lord a sure house, because my lord fighteth the battles of the LORD; and evil is not found in thee all thy days.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.749/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:677`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 25:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.27/) - next →: [1 Samuel 25:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.29/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/)