--- title: 1 Samuel 25:31 — that this shall be no stumbling-block unto thee, nor offence of hear… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: that this shall be no stumbling-block unto thee, nor offence of heart unto my lord, either that thou hast shed blood without cause, or that my lord hath found redress for himself. And when the LORD shall have dealt well with my lord, then remember thy handmaid.' Who acts: this, thou, lord, you. 1 Sa --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/) / 25:31 # 1 Samuel 25:31 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** this, thou, lord, you · **What happens:** be, shed, find, offend, deal, remember · **To what, where:** stumbling block, blood, redress, heart, handmaid This is 1 Samuel 25:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — this, thou, lord, you — and what happens in the verse to stumbling block, blood, redress, heart, handmaid, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְלֹ֣א תִהְיֶ֣ה זֹ֣את ׀ לְךָ֡ לְפוּקָה֩ וּלְמִכְשׁ֨וֹל לֵ֜ב לַאדֹנִ֗י וְלִשְׁפָּךְ־דָּם֙ חִנָּ֔ם וּלְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ אֲדֹנִ֖י ל֑וֹ וְהֵיטִ֤ב יְהוָה֙ לַֽאדֹנִ֔י וְזָכַרְתָּ֖ אֶת־אֲמָתֶֽךָ׃ס [that this shall be no stumbling-block unto thee, nor offence of heart unto my lord, either that thou hast shed blood without cause, or that my lord hath found redress for himself.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.752/) [And when the LORD shall have dealt well with my lord, then remember thy handmaid.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.753/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:680 # text = וְלֹ֣א תִהְיֶ֣ה זֹ֣את ׀ לְךָ֡ לְפוּקָה֩ וּלְמִכְשׁ֨וֹל לֵ֜ב לַאדֹנִ֗י וְלִשְׁפָּךְ־דָּם֙ חִנָּ֔ם וּלְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ אֲדֹנִ֖י ל֑וֹ וְהֵיטִ֤ב יְהוָה֙ לַֽאדֹנִ֔י וְזָכַרְתָּ֖ אֶת־אֲמָתֶֽךָ׃ס # verse = 1SA.25.31 1-2 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:31!1|MId=o090250310011|Strong=2050b 2 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_25:31!1|MId=o090250310012|Strong=3808|Type=negative 3 תִהְיֶ֣ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 cop _ Gloss=it.will.become|Ref=1SA_25:31!2|MId=o090250310021|Strong=1961|Type=yiqtol 4 זֹ֣את זֹאת PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 0 root _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_25:31!3|MId=o090250310031|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 5 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ Ref=1SA_25:31!3 6-7 לְךָ֡ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 ל לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_25:31!4|MId=o090250310041|Strong=3807a 7 ְךָ֡ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_25:31!4|MId=o090250310042|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 8-9 לְפוּקָה֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=(into)|Ref=1SA_25:31!5|MId=o090250310051|Strong=3807a 9 פוּקָה֩ פּוּקָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=staggering|Ref=1SA_25:31!5|MId=o090250310052|Strong=6330 10-12 וּלְמִכְשׁ֨וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:31!6|MId=o090250310061|Strong=2050b 11 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(into)|Ref=1SA_25:31!6|MId=o090250310062|Strong=3807a 12 מִכְשׁ֨וֹל מִכְשׁוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 conj _ Gloss=stumbling|Ref=1SA_25:31!6|MId=o090250310063|Strong=4383 13 לֵ֜ב לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.heart|Ref=1SA_25:31!7|MId=o090250310071|Strong=3820 14-16 לַאדֹנִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_25:31!8|MId=o090250310081|Strong=3807a 15 אדֹנ אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 nmod _ Gloss=lord|Ref=1SA_25:31!8|MId=o090250310082|Strong=0113 16 ִ֗י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_25:31!8|MId=o090250310083|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 17-19 וְלִשְׁפָּךְ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and.(into)|Ref=1SA_25:31!9|MId=o090250310091|Strong=2050b 18 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=pouring|Ref=1SA_25:31!9|MId=o090250310092|Strong=3807a 19 שְׁפָּךְ־ שָׁפַךְ VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 4 conj _ Gloss=out|Ref=1SA_25:31!9|MId=o090250310093|Strong=8210|Frame=A0:090250310082;A1:090250310101;|Type=infinitive_construct 20 דָּם֙ דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=of.blood|Ref=1SA_25:31!10|MId=o090250310101|Strong=1818 21 חִנָּ֔ם חִנָּם ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=without.cause|Ref=1SA_25:31!11|MId=o090250310111|Strong=2600 22-24 וּלְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:31!12|MId=o090250310121|Strong=2050b 23 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_25:31!12|MId=o090250310122|Strong=3807a 24 הוֹשִׁ֥יעַ יָשַׁע VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 19 conj _ Gloss=deliver|Ref=1SA_25:31!12|MId=o090250310123|Strong=3467|Frame=A0:090250310131;|Type=infinitive_construct 25-26 אֲדֹנִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 אֲדֹנ אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=lord|Ref=1SA_25:31!13|MId=o090250310131|Strong=0113 26 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_25:31!13|MId=o090250310132|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 27-28 ל֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 ל לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=1SA_25:31!14|MId=o090250310141|Strong=3807a 28 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obl _ Gloss=himself|Ref=1SA_25:31!14|MId=o090250310142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29-30 וְהֵיטִ֤ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:31!15|MId=o090250310151|Strong=2050b 30 הֵיטִ֤ב יָטַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.will.do.good|Ref=1SA_25:31!15|MId=o090250310152|Strong=3190|Frame=A0:090250310161;|Type=weqatal 31 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 30 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_25:31!16|MId=o090250310161|Strong=3068 32-34 לַֽאדֹנִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_25:31!17|MId=o090250310171|Strong=3807a 33 אדֹנ אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=lord|Ref=1SA_25:31!17|MId=o090250310172|Strong=0113 34 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_25:31!17|MId=o090250310173|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 35-36 וְזָכַרְתָּ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:31!18|MId=o090250310181|Strong=2050b 36 זָכַרְתָּ֖ זָכַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 4 conj _ Gloss=you.will.remember|Ref=1SA_25:31!18|MId=o090250310182|Strong=2142|Frame=A0:090250310172;A1:090250310201;|Type=weqatal 37 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_25:31!19|MId=o090250310191|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 38-39 אֲמָתֶֽךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 אֲמָת אָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 36 obj _ Gloss=maidservant|Ref=1SA_25:31!20|MId=o090250310201|Strong=0519 39 ֶֽךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_25:31!20|MId=o090250310202|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=1SA_25:31!20|SpaceAfter=No 41 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=1SA_25:31!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: speech with no frame - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שְׁפָּךְ־ *out* | infinitive construct · qal | אדֹנ *lord* | דָּם *of blood* | | | | הוֹשִׁיעַ *deliver* | infinitive construct · hiphil | אֲדֹנ *lord* | | | | | הֵיטִב *he will do good* | weqatal · hiphil | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | זָכַרְתָּ *you will remember* | weqatal · qal | אדֹנ *lord* | אֲמָת *maidservant* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְלָא תְהֵי דָא לָךְ לְיַצָפָא וּלְתַקְלַת לֵב לְרִבּוֹנִי וּלְמִשְׁפַּךְ דַם זַכַּאי מַגָן וּלְמִפְרַק רִבּוֹנִי לֵיהּ וְכַד יוֹטִיב יְיָ לְרִבּוֹנִי וְתִדְכַּר יַת אַמְתָךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [that this shall be no stumbling-block unto thee, nor offence of heart unto my lord, either that thou hast shed blood without cause, or that my lord hath found redress for himself.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.752/) 2. [And when the LORD shall have dealt well with my lord, then remember thy handmaid.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.753/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:680`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 25:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.30/) - next →: [1 Samuel 25:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.32/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/)