--- title: 1 Samuel 25:34 — For in very deed, as the LORD, the God of Israel, liveth, who hath w… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For in very deed, as the LORD, the God of Israel, liveth, who hath withholden me from hurting thee, except thou hadst made haste and come to meet me, surely there had not been left unto Nabal by the morning light so much as one male.' Who acts: LORD, thou, morning light. 1 Samuel 25:34 in Hebrew wit --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.34/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/) / 25:34 # 1 Samuel 25:34 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** LORD, thou, morning light · **What happens:** live, withhold, hurt, make, come, meet · **To what, where:** me, thee, haste, one male, very deed This is 1 Samuel 25:34 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, thou, morning light — and what happens in the verse to me, thee, haste, one male, very deed, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאוּלָ֗ם חַי־יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר מְנָעַ֔נִי מֵהָרַ֖ע אֹתָ֑ךְ כִּ֣י ׀ לוּלֵ֣י מִהַ֗רְתְּ וַתָּבֹאת֙ לִקְרָאתִ֔י כִּ֣י אִם־נוֹתַ֧ר לְנָבָ֛ל עַד־א֥וֹר הַבֹּ֖קֶר מַשְׁתִּ֥ין בְּקִֽיר׃ [For in very deed, as the LORD, the God of Israel, liveth, who hath withholden me from hurting thee, except thou hadst made haste and come to meet me, surely there had not been left unto Nabal by the morning light so much as one male.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.756/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:683 # text = וְאוּלָ֗ם חַי־יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר מְנָעַ֔נִי מֵהָרַ֖ע אֹתָ֑ךְ כִּ֣י ׀ לוּלֵ֣י מִהַ֗רְתְּ וַתָּבֹאת֙ לִקְרָאתִ֔י כִּ֣י אִם־נוֹתַ֧ר לְנָבָ֛ל עַד־א֥וֹר הַבֹּ֖קֶר מַשְׁתִּ֥ין בְּקִֽיר׃ # verse = 1SA.25.34 1-2 וְאוּלָ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:34!1|MId=o090250340011|Strong=2050b 2 אוּלָ֗ם אוּלָם ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=but|Ref=1SA_25:34!1|MId=o090250340012|Strong=0199 3 חַי־ חַי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[by].the.life|Ref=1SA_25:34!2|MId=o090250340021|Strong=2416|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 4 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=1SA_25:34!3|MId=o090250340031|Strong=3068 5 אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 appos _ Gloss=the.God|Ref=1SA_25:34!4|MId=o090250340041|Strong=0430 6 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1SA_25:34!5|MId=o090250340051|Strong=3478 7 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=1SA_25:34!6|MId=o090250340061|Strong=0834|Type=relative 8-9 מְנָעַ֔נִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 מְנָע מָנַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_25:34!7|MId=o090250340071|Strong=4513|Frame=A0:090250340031;A1:090250340072;|Type=qatal 9 ַ֔נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ Gloss=has.restrained.me|Ref=1SA_25:34!7|MId=o090250340072|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 10-11 מֵהָרַ֖ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_25:34!8|MId=o090250340081|Strong=4480 11 הָרַ֖ע רָעַע VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 8 advcl _ Gloss=doing.harm.to|Ref=1SA_25:34!8|MId=o090250340082|Strong=7489|Frame=AA:090250320021;A0:090250340092;|Type=infinitive_construct 12-13 אֹתָ֑ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_25:34!9|MId=o090250340091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 13 ָ֑ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_25:34!9|MId=o090250340092|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 14 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_25:34!10|MId=o090250340101|Strong=3588 15 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 14 punct _ Ref=1SA_25:34!10 16 לוּלֵ֣י לוּלֵא CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=if.not|Ref=1SA_25:34!11|MId=o090250340111|Strong=3884 17 מִהַ֗רְתְּ מָהַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 25 advcl _ Gloss=you.had.made.haste|Ref=1SA_25:34!12|MId=o090250340121|Strong=4116|Frame=A0:090250320032;|Type=qatal 18-19 וַתָּבֹאת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:34!14|MId=o090250340141|Strong=2050b 19 תָּבֹאת֙ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 17 conj _ Gloss=you.had.come|Ref=1SA_25:34!14|MId=o090250340142|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090250320032;|Type=wayyiqtol 20-22 לִקְרָאתִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_25:34!15|MId=o090250340151|Strong=3807a 21 קְרָאת קָרָא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 19 advcl _ Gloss=meet|Ref=1SA_25:34!15|MId=o090250340152|Strong=7122|Frame=A0:090250320032;A1:090250340153;|Type=infinitive_construct 22 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_25:34!15|MId=o090250340153|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 23 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ ExtPos=SCONJ 25 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_25:34!16|MId=o090250340161|Strong=3588 24 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 23 fixed _ Gloss=if|Ref=1SA_25:34!17|MId=o090250340171|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 25 נוֹתַ֧ר יָתַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.been.left|Ref=1SA_25:34!18|MId=o090250340181|Strong=3498|Frame=A1:090250340231;|Type=qatal 26-27 לְנָבָ֛ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_25:34!19|MId=o090250340191|Strong=3807a 27 נָבָ֛ל נָבָל PROPN _ _ 25 obl _ Gloss=Nabal|Ref=1SA_25:34!19|MId=o090250340192|Strong=5037 28 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=1SA_25:34!20|MId=o090250340201|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 29 א֥וֹר אוֹר NOUN _ Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=the.light|Ref=1SA_25:34!21|MId=o090250340211|Strong=0216 30-31 הַבֹּ֖קֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_25:34!22|MId=o090250340221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 בֹּ֖קֶר בֹּקֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.morning|Ref=1SA_25:34!22|MId=o090250340222|Strong=1242 32 מַשְׁתִּ֥ין שָׁתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=[one.who].urinates|Ref=1SA_25:34!23|MId=o090250340231|Strong=8366a|Type=participle_active 33-34 בְּקִֽיר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_25:34!24|MId=o090250340241|Strong=0871a 34 קִֽיר קִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 obl _ Gloss=a.wall|Ref=1SA_25:34!24|MId=o090250340242|Strong=7023 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=1SA_25:34!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מְנָע *he* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *of Yahweh* | ַנִי *has restrained me* | | | | הָרַע *doing harm to* | infinitive construct · hiphil | ָךְ *you* | | | | | מִהַרְתְּ *you had made haste* | qatal · piel | | | | | | תָּבֹאת *you had come* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | קְרָאת *meet* | infinitive construct · qal | | ִי *me* | | | | נוֹתַר *he has been left* | qatal · niphal | | מַשְׁתִּין *\[one who\] urinates* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּבְרַם קַיָם הוּא יְיָ אֱלָהָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל דִמְנָעַנִי מִלְאַבְאָשָׁא לִיךְ אֲרֵי אִלוּלָא פוֹן אוֹחִית וְאָתֵית לָקֳדָמוּתִי אֱלָהֵין אִשְׁתְּאַר לְנָבָל עַד מַנְהָר צַפְרָא יְדַע מַדָע: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For in very deed, as the LORD, the God of Israel, liveth, who hath withholden me from hurting thee, except thou hadst made haste and come to meet me, surely there had not been left unto Nabal by the morning light so much as one male.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.756/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:683`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 25:33](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.33/) - next →: [1 Samuel 25:35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.35/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/)