--- title: 1 Samuel 25:39 — And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said: 'Blessed be the L… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said: 'Blessed be the LORD, that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and hath kept back His servant from evil; and the evil-doing of Nabal hath the LORD returned upon his own head.' And David sent and spoke concerning Abigail, to --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.39/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/) / 25:39 # 1 Samuel 25:39 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, Nabal, LORD, evil doing · **What happens:** hear, be, say, plead, keep back, return · **To what, where:** cause, hand, servant, evil, Abigail, lord · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 25:39 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, Nabal, LORD, evil doing — and what happens in the verse to cause, hand, servant, evil, Abigail, lord, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע דָּוִד֮ כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת נָבָל֒ וַיֹּ֡אמֶר בָּר֣וּךְ יְהוָ֡ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָב֩ אֶת־רִ֨יב חֶרְפָּתִ֜י מִיַּ֣ד נָבָ֗ל וְאֶת־עַבְדּוֹ֙ חָשַׂ֣ךְ מֵֽרָעָ֔ה וְאֵת֙ רָעַ֣ת נָבָ֔ל הֵשִׁ֥יב יְהוָ֖ה בְּרֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח דָּוִד֙ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר בַּאֲבִיגַ֔יִל לְקַחְתָּ֥הּ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ [And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said: 'Blessed be the LORD, that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and hath kept back His servant from evil; and the evil-doing of Nabal hath the LORD returned upon his own head.' And David sent and spoke concerning Abigail, to take her to him to wife.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.761/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:688 # text = וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע דָּוִד֮ כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת נָבָל֒ וַיֹּ֡אמֶר בָּר֣וּךְ יְהוָ֡ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָב֩ אֶת־רִ֨יב חֶרְפָּתִ֜י מִיַּ֣ד נָבָ֗ל וְאֶת־עַבְדּוֹ֙ חָשַׂ֣ךְ מֵֽרָעָ֔ה וְאֵת֙ רָעַ֣ת נָבָ֔ל הֵשִׁ֥יב יְהוָ֖ה בְּרֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח דָּוִד֙ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר בַּאֲבִיגַ֔יִל לְקַחְתָּ֥הּ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ # verse = 1SA.25.39 1-2 וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:39!1|MId=o090250390011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁמַ֣ע שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.heard|Ref=1SA_25:39!1|MId=o090250390012|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:090250390021;A1:090250390041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִד֮ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_25:39!2|MId=o090250390021|Strong=1732 4 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1SA_25:39!3|MId=o090250390031|Strong=3588 5 מֵ֣ת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=he.had.died|Ref=1SA_25:39!4|MId=o090250390041|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:090250390051;|Type=qatal 6 נָבָל֒ נָבָל PROPN _ _ 5 nsubj _ Gloss=Nabal|Ref=1SA_25:39!5|MId=o090250390051|Strong=5037 7-8 וַיֹּ֡אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:39!6|MId=o090250390061|Strong=2050b 8 יֹּ֡אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_25:39!6|MId=o090250390062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090250390021;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 בָּר֣וּךְ בָּרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 8 ccomp _ Gloss=[be].blessed|Ref=1SA_25:39!7|MId=o090250390071|Strong=1288|Frame=A1:090250390081;|Type=participle_passive 10 יְהוָ֡ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 9 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_25:39!8|MId=o090250390081|Strong=3068 11 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=1SA_25:39!9|MId=o090250390091|Strong=0834|Type=relative 12 רָב֩ רִיב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.has.conducted|Ref=1SA_25:39!10|MId=o090250390101|Strong=7378|Frame=A0:090250390081;A1:090250390121;|Type=qatal 13 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_25:39!11|MId=o090250390111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 14 רִ֨יב רִיב NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 obj _ Gloss=the.case|Ref=1SA_25:39!12|MId=o090250390121|Strong=7379 15-16 חֶרְפָּתִ֜י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 חֶרְפָּת חֶרְפָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=my.disgrace|Ref=1SA_25:39!13|MId=o090250390131|Strong=2781 16 ִ֜י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_25:39!13|MId=o090250390132|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 17-18 מִיַּ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_25:39!14|MId=o090250390141|Strong=4480 18 יַּ֣ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=1SA_25:39!14|MId=o090250390142|Strong=3027 19 נָבָ֗ל נָבָל PROPN _ _ 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Nabal|Ref=1SA_25:39!15|MId=o090250390151|Strong=5037 20-21 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:39!16|MId=o090250390161|Strong=2050b 21 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_25:39!16|MId=o090250390162|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 22-23 עַבְדּוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 עַבְדּ עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 obj _ Gloss=servant|Ref=1SA_25:39!17|MId=o090250390171|Strong=5650 23 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_25:39!17|MId=o090250390172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24 חָשַׂ֣ךְ חָשַׂךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 conj _ Gloss=he.has.restrained|Ref=1SA_25:39!18|MId=o090250390181|Strong=2820|Frame=A0:090250390081;A1:090250390171;|Type=qatal 25-26 מֵֽרָעָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_25:39!19|MId=o090250390191|Strong=4480 26 רָעָ֔ה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=evil|Ref=1SA_25:39!19|MId=o090250390192|Strong=7451b 27-28 וְאֵת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:39!20|MId=o090250390201|Strong=2050b 28 אֵת֙ אֵת ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_25:39!20|MId=o090250390202|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 29 רָעַ֣ת רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 31 obj _ Gloss=the.evil|Ref=1SA_25:39!21|MId=o090250390211|Strong=7451b 30 נָבָ֔ל נָבָל PROPN _ _ 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Nabal|Ref=1SA_25:39!22|MId=o090250390221|Strong=5037 31 הֵשִׁ֥יב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 9 conj _ Gloss=he.has.turned.back|Ref=1SA_25:39!23|MId=o090250390231|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:090250390211;AA:090250390241;|Type=qatal 32 יְהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 31 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=1SA_25:39!24|MId=o090250390241|Strong=3068 33-35 בְּרֹאשׁ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_25:39!25|MId=o090250390251|Strong=0871a 34 רֹאשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=his.own|Ref=1SA_25:39!25|MId=o090250390252|Strong=7218 35 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ Gloss=head|Ref=1SA_25:39!25|MId=o090250390253|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 36-37 וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:39!26|MId=o090250390261|Strong=2050b 37 יִּשְׁלַ֤ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.sent|Ref=1SA_25:39!26|MId=o090250390262|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:090250390271;|Type=wayyiqtol 38 דָּוִד֙ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 37 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_25:39!27|MId=o090250390271|Strong=1732 39-40 וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 40 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:39!28|MId=o090250390281|Strong=2050b 40 יְדַבֵּ֣ר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.spoke|Ref=1SA_25:39!28|MId=o090250390282|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:090250390271;|Type=wayyiqtol 41-42 בַּאֲבִיגַ֔יִל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_25:39!29|MId=o090250390291|Strong=0871a 42 אֲבִיגַ֔יִל אֲבִיגַיִל PROPN _ _ 40 obl _ Gloss=Abigail|Ref=1SA_25:39!29|MId=o090250390292|Strong=0026 43-45 לְקַחְתָּ֥הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 44 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_25:39!30|MId=o090250390301|Strong=3807a 44 קַחְתּ לָקַח VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 40 advcl _ Gloss=take|Ref=1SA_25:39!30|MId=o090250390302|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:090250390271;A1:090250390303;|Type=infinitive_construct 45 ָ֥הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 obj _ Gloss=her|Ref=1SA_25:39!30|MId=o090250390303|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 46-47 ל֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 ל לְ ADP _ _ 47 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_25:39!31|MId=o090250390311|Strong=3807a 47 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 obl _ Gloss=himself|Ref=1SA_25:39!31|MId=o090250390312|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 48-49 לְאִשָּֽׁה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 49 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_25:39!32|MId=o090250390321|Strong=3807a 49 אִשָּֽׁה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 44 obl _ Gloss=a.wife|Ref=1SA_25:39!32|MId=o090250390322|Strong=0802 50 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 49 punct _ Ref=1SA_25:39!32 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁמַע *he heard* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | מֵת *he had died* | | | | מֵת *he had died* | qatal · qal | נָבָל *Nabal* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | בָּרוּךְ *\[be\] blessed* | participle passive · qal | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | רָב *he has conducted* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | רִיב *the case* | | | | חָשַׂךְ *he has restrained* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | עַבְדּ *servant* | | | | הֵשִׁיב *he has turned back* | qatal · hiphil | רָעַת *the evil* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | יִּשְׁלַח *he sent* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | יְדַבֵּר *he spoke* | wayyiqtol · piel | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | קַחְתּ *take* | infinitive construct · qal | דָּוִד *David* | ָהּ *her* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁמַע דָוִד אֲרֵי מִית נָבָל וַאֲמַר בְּרִיךְ יְיָ דְדָן יַת דִין חִיסוּדִי מִידָא דְנָבָל וְיַת עַבְדֵיהּ מְנַע מִלְמֶעְבַּד בִּישָׁא וְיַת בִּישַׁת נָבָל אֲתִיב יְיָ בְּרֵישֵׁיהּ וּשְׁלַח דָוִד וּשְׁאִיל בַּאֲבִיגַיִל לְמִסְבָהּ לֵיהּ לְאִתּוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said: 'Blessed be the LORD, that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and hath kept back His servant from evil; and the evil-doing of Nabal hath the LORD returned upon his own head.' And David sent and spoke concerning Abigail, to take her to him to wife.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.761/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:688`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 25:38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.38/) - next →: [1 Samuel 25:40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.40/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/)