--- title: 1 Samuel 25:40 — And when the servants of David were come to Abigail to Carmel, they… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And when the servants of David were come to Abigail to Carmel, they spoke unto her, saying: 'David hath sent us unto thee, to take thee to him to wife.' Who acts: servants, David. 1 Samuel 25:40 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.40/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/) / 25:40 # 1 Samuel 25:40 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** servants, David · **What happens:** come, speak, say, send, take · **To what, where:** servants, Abigail, us, thee, David · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 25:40 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — servants, David — and what happens in the verse to servants, Abigail, us, thee, David, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ עַבְדֵ֥י דָוִ֛ד אֶל־אֲבִיגַ֖יִל הַכַּרְמֶ֑לָה וַיְדַבְּר֤וּ אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר דָּוִד֙ שְׁלָחָ֣נוּ אֵלַ֔יִךְ לְקַחְתֵּ֥ךְ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ [And when the servants of David were come to Abigail to Carmel, they spoke unto her, saying: 'David hath sent us unto thee, to take thee to him to wife.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.762/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:689 # text = וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ עַבְדֵ֥י דָוִ֛ד אֶל־אֲבִיגַ֖יִל הַכַּרְמֶ֑לָה וַיְדַבְּר֤וּ אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר דָּוִד֙ שְׁלָחָ֣נוּ אֵלַ֔יִךְ לְקַחְתֵּ֥ךְ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ # verse = 1SA.25.40 1-2 וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:40!1|MId=o090250400011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּבֹ֜אוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.went|Ref=1SA_25:40!1|MId=o090250400012|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090250400021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 עַבְדֵ֥י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.servants|Ref=1SA_25:40!2|MId=o090250400021|Strong=5650 4 דָוִ֛ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.David|Ref=1SA_25:40!3|MId=o090250400031|Strong=1732 5 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_25:40!4|MId=o090250400041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 6 אֲבִיגַ֖יִל אֲבִיגַיִל PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Abigail|Ref=1SA_25:40!5|MId=o090250400051|Strong=0026 7-9 הַכַּרְמֶ֑לָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_25:40!6|MId=o090250400061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 כַּרְמֶ֑ל כַּרְמֶל PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_25:40!6|MId=o090250400062|Strong=3760 9 ָה ה X _ _ 8 nmod _ Gloss=Carmel|Ref=1SA_25:40!6|MId=o090250400063|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 10-11 וַיְדַבְּר֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:40!7|MId=o090250400071|Strong=2050b 11 יְדַבְּר֤וּ דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.spoke|Ref=1SA_25:40!7|MId=o090250400072|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:090250400021;|Type=wayyiqtol 12-13 אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אֵלֶ֙י אֶל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_25:40!8|MId=o090250400081|Strong=0413 13 הָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ Gloss=her|Ref=1SA_25:40!8|MId=o090250400082|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 14-15 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 17 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=1SA_25:40!9|MId=o090250400091|Strong=3807a 15 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_25:40!9|MId=o090250400092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090250400021;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 דָּוִד֙ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 17 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_25:40!10|MId=o090250400101|Strong=1732 17-18 שְׁלָחָ֣נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 שְׁלָח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 ccomp _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_25:40!11|MId=o090250400111|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:090250400101;A1:090250400112;|Type=qatal 18 ָ֣נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 obj _ Gloss=has.sent.us|Ref=1SA_25:40!11|MId=o090250400112|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 19-20 אֵלַ֔יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 אֵלַ֔י אֶל ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_25:40!12|MId=o090250400121|Strong=0413 20 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_25:40!12|MId=o090250400122|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 21-23 לְקַחְתֵּ֥ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_25:40!13|MId=o090250400131|Strong=3807a 22 קַחְתּ לָקַח VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 17 advcl _ Gloss=take|Ref=1SA_25:40!13|MId=o090250400132|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:090250400021;A1:090250400133;|Type=infinitive_construct 23 ֵ֥ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_25:40!13|MId=o090250400133|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 24-25 ל֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 ל לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_25:40!14|MId=o090250400141|Strong=3807a 25 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ Gloss=himself|Ref=1SA_25:40!14|MId=o090250400142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26-27 לְאִשָּֽׁה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_25:40!15|MId=o090250400151|Strong=3807a 27 אִשָּֽׁה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=a.wife|Ref=1SA_25:40!15|MId=o090250400152|Strong=0802 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=1SA_25:40!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּבֹאוּ *they went* | wayyiqtol · qal | עַבְדֵי *the servants* | | | | | יְדַבְּרוּ *they spoke* | wayyiqtol · piel | עַבְדֵי *the servants* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | עַבְדֵי *the servants* | | | | | שְׁלָח *he* | qatal · qal | דָּוִד *David* | ָנוּ *has sent us* | | | | קַחְתּ *take* | infinitive construct · qal | עַבְדֵי *the servants* | ֵךְ *you* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתוּ עַבְדֵי דָוִד לְוַת אֲבִיגַיִל לְכַרְמְלָא וּמַלִילוּ עִמָה לְמֵימַר דָוִד שַׁלְחָנָא לְוָתִיךְ לְמִסְבִיךְ לֵיהּ לְאִתּוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And when the servants of David were come to Abigail to Carmel, they spoke unto her, saying: 'David hath sent us unto thee, to take thee to him to wife.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.762/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:689`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 25:39](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.39/) - next →: [1 Samuel 25:41](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.41/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/)