--- title: 1 Samuel 25:42 — And Abigail hastened, and arose, and rode upon an ass, with five dam… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Abigail hastened, and arose, and rode upon an ass, with five damsels of hers that followed her; and she went after the messengers of David, and became his wife. Who acts: Abigail, five damsels. 1 Samuel 25:42 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of eve --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.42/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/) / 25:42 # 1 Samuel 25:42 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Abigail, five damsels · **What happens:** hasten, arise, ride, follow, go, become · **To what, where:** Abigail, wife This is 1 Samuel 25:42 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abigail, five damsels — and what happens in the verse to Abigail, wife, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתְּמַהֵ֞ר וַתָּ֣קָם אֲבִיגַ֗יִל וַתִּרְכַּב֙ עַֽל־הַחֲמ֔וֹר וְחָמֵשׁ֙ נַעֲרֹתֶ֔יהָ הַהֹלְכ֖וֹת לְרַגְלָ֑הּ וַתֵּ֗לֶךְ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ מַלְאֲכֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד וַתְּהִי־ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ [And Abigail hastened, and arose, and rode upon an ass, with five damsels of hers that followed her; and she went after the messengers of David, and became his wife.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.764/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:691 # text = וַתְּמַהֵ֞ר וַתָּ֣קָם אֲבִיגַ֗יִל וַתִּרְכַּב֙ עַֽל־הַחֲמ֔וֹר וְחָמֵשׁ֙ נַעֲרֹתֶ֔יהָ הַהֹלְכ֖וֹת לְרַגְלָ֑הּ וַתֵּ֗לֶךְ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ מַלְאֲכֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד וַתְּהִי־ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ # verse = 1SA.25.42 1-2 וַתְּמַהֵ֞ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:42!1|MId=o090250420011|Strong=2050b 2 תְּמַהֵ֞ר מָהַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=she.made.haste|Ref=1SA_25:42!1|MId=o090250420012|Strong=4116|Frame=A0:090250400051;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 וַתָּ֣קָם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:42!2|MId=o090250420021|Strong=2050b 4 תָּ֣קָם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.arose|Ref=1SA_25:42!2|MId=o090250420022|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:090250420031;|Type=wayyiqtol 5 אֲבִיגַ֗יִל אֲבִיגַיִל PROPN _ _ 4 nsubj _ Gloss=Abigail|Ref=1SA_25:42!3|MId=o090250420031|Strong=0026 6-7 וַתִּרְכַּב֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:42!4|MId=o090250420041|Strong=2050b 7 תִּרְכַּב֙ רָכַב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.rode|Ref=1SA_25:42!4|MId=o090250420042|Strong=7392|Frame=A0:090250420031;|Type=wayyiqtol 8 עַֽל־ עַל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_25:42!5|MId=o090250420051|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 הַחֲמ֔וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_25:42!6|MId=o090250420061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 חֲמ֔וֹר חֲמוֹר NOUN _ Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=donkey|Ref=1SA_25:42!6|MId=o090250420062|Strong=2543 11-12 וְחָמֵשׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:42!7|MId=o090250420071|Strong=2050b 12 חָמֵשׁ֙ חָמֵשׁ NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 nummod _ Gloss=five|Ref=1SA_25:42!7|MId=o090250420072|Strong=2568|Type=cardinal_number 13-14 נַעֲרֹתֶ֔יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 נַעֲרֹתֶ֔י נַעֲרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ Gloss=maids|Ref=1SA_25:42!8|MId=o090250420081|Strong=5291 14 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=1SA_25:42!8|MId=o090250420082|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 15-16 הַהֹלְכ֖וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=[who]|Ref=1SA_25:42!9|MId=o090250420091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 הֹלְכ֖וֹת הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=walked|Ref=1SA_25:42!9|MId=o090250420092|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090250420081;|Type=participle_active 17-19 לְרַגְלָ֑הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_25:42!10|MId=o090250420101|Strong=3807a 18 רַגְל רֶגֶל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=foot|Ref=1SA_25:42!10|MId=o090250420102|Strong=7272 19 ָ֑הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=1SA_25:42!10|MId=o090250420103|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 20-21 וַתֵּ֗לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:42!11|MId=o090250420111|Strong=2050b 21 תֵּ֗לֶךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.went|Ref=1SA_25:42!11|MId=o090250420112|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090250420031;|Type=wayyiqtol 22 אַֽחֲרֵי֙ אַחַר ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=1SA_25:42!12|MId=o090250420121|Strong=0310 23 מַלְאֲכֵ֣י מַלְאָךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 obl _ Gloss=the.messengers|Ref=1SA_25:42!13|MId=o090250420131|Strong=4397 24 דָוִ֔ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.David|Ref=1SA_25:42!14|MId=o090250420141|Strong=1732 25-26 וַתְּהִי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_25:42!15|MId=o090250420151|Strong=2050b 26 תְּהִי־ הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.became|Ref=1SA_25:42!15|MId=o090250420152|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090250420031;|Type=wayyiqtol 27-28 ל֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 ל לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_25:42!16|MId=o090250420161|Strong=3807a 28 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_25:42!16|MId=o090250420162|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29-30 לְאִשָּֽׁה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=(into).a|Ref=1SA_25:42!17|MId=o090250420171|Strong=3807a 30 אִשָּֽׁה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=wife|Ref=1SA_25:42!17|MId=o090250420172|Strong=0802 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=1SA_25:42!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תְּמַהֵר *she made haste* | wayyiqtol · piel | | | | | | תָּקָם *she arose* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִיגַיִל *Abigail* | | | | | תִּרְכַּב *she rode* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִיגַיִל *Abigail* | | | | | הֹלְכוֹת *walked* | participle active · qal | נַעֲרֹתֶי *maids* | | | | | תֵּלֶךְ *she went* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִיגַיִל *Abigail* | | | | | תְּהִי־ *she became* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִיגַיִל *Abigail* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאוֹחִיאַת וְקָמַת אֲבִיגַיִל וּרְכִיבַת עַל חֲמָרָא וַחֲמֵשׁ עוּלֵימְתָהָא דְאָזְלִין לְקִיבְלָהּ וַאֲזַלַת בָתַר אִזְגַדֵי דָוִד וַהֲוַת לֵיהּ לְאִתּוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Abigail hastened, and arose, and rode upon an ass, with five damsels of hers that followed her; and she went after the messengers of David, and became his wife.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.764/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:691`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 25:41](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.41/) - next →: [1 Samuel 25:43](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.25.43/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/25/)