--- title: 1 Samuel 26:12 — So David took the spear and the cruse of water from Saul's head; and… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: So David took the spear and the cruse of water from Saul's head; and they got them away, and no man saw it, nor knew it, neither did any awake; for they were all asleep; because a deep sleep from the LORD was fallen upon them. Who acts: David, Ziphites, man, men. 1 Samuel 26:12 in Hebrew with its de --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/26/) / 26:12 # 1 Samuel 26:12 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, Ziphites, man, men · **What happens:** take, get away, see, know, be, fall · **To what, where:** spear, head, spies, deep sleep This is 1 Samuel 26:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, Ziphites, man, men — and what happens in the verse to spear, head, spies, deep sleep, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּקַּח֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֜ית וְאֶת־צַפַּ֤חַת הַמַּ֙יִם֙ מֵרַאֲשֹׁתֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם וְאֵ֣ין רֹאֶה֩ וְאֵ֨ין יוֹדֵ֜עַ וְאֵ֣ין מֵקִ֗יץ כִּ֤י כֻלָּם֙ יְשֵׁנִ֔ים כִּ֚י תַּרְדֵּמַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה נָפְלָ֖ה עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ [So David took the spear and the cruse of water from Saul's head; and they got them away, and no man saw it, nor knew it, neither did any awake; for they were all asleep; because a deep sleep from the LORD was fallen upon them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.779/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:705 # text = וַיִּקַּח֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֜ית וְאֶת־צַפַּ֤חַת הַמַּ֙יִם֙ מֵרַאֲשֹׁתֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם וְאֵ֣ין רֹאֶה֩ וְאֵ֨ין יוֹדֵ֜עַ וְאֵ֣ין מֵקִ֗יץ כִּ֤י כֻלָּם֙ יְשֵׁנִ֔ים כִּ֚י תַּרְדֵּמַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה נָפְלָ֖ה עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ # verse = 1SA.26.12 1-2 וַיִּקַּח֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:12!1|MId=o090260120011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּקַּח֩ לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.took|Ref=1SA_26:12!1|MId=o090260120012|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:090260120021;A1:090260120042;090260120061;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִ֨ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_26:12!2|MId=o090260120021|Strong=1732 4 אֶֽת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_26:12!3|MId=o090260120031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הַחֲנִ֜ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_26:12!4|MId=o090260120041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 חֲנִ֜ית חֲנִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=spear|Ref=1SA_26:12!4|MId=o090260120042|Strong=2595 7-8 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:12!5|MId=o090260120051|Strong=2050b 8 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_26:12!5|MId=o090260120052|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 9 צַפַּ֤חַת צַפַּחַת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=the.jug|Ref=1SA_26:12!6|MId=o090260120061|Strong=6835 10-11 הַמַּ֙יִם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=1SA_26:12!7|MId=o090260120071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 מַּ֙יִם֙ מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=water|Ref=1SA_26:12!7|MId=o090260120072|Strong=4325 12 מֵרַאֲשֹׁתֵ֣י מְרַאֲשֹׁות NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=the.place.of.the.head|Ref=1SA_26:12!8|MId=o090260120081|Strong=4763 13 שָׁא֔וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Saul|Ref=1SA_26:12!9|MId=o090260120091|Strong=7586 14-15 וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:12!10|MId=o090260120101|Strong=2050b 15 יֵּלְכ֖וּ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.went|Ref=1SA_26:12!10|MId=o090260120102|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090260120021;090260090041;|Type=wayyiqtol 16-17 לָהֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 ל לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(for|Ref=1SA_26:12!11|MId=o090260120111|Strong=3807a 17 ָהֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ Gloss=themselves|Ref=1SA_26:12!11|MId=o090260120112|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 18-19 וְאֵ֣ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:12!12|MId=o090260120121|Strong=2050b 19 אֵ֣ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=there.[was].not|Ref=1SA_26:12!12|MId=o090260120122|Strong=0369|Type=negative 20 רֹאֶה֩ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=[one.who].saw|Ref=1SA_26:12!13|MId=o090260120131|Strong=7200|Type=participle_active 21-22 וְאֵ֨ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:12!14|MId=o090260120141|Strong=2050b 22 אֵ֨ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=there.[was].not|Ref=1SA_26:12!14|MId=o090260120142|Strong=0369|Type=negative 23 יוֹדֵ֜עַ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ Gloss=[one.who].knew|Ref=1SA_26:12!15|MId=o090260120151|Strong=3045|Type=participle_active 24-25 וְאֵ֣ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:12!16|MId=o090260120161|Strong=2050b 25 אֵ֣ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=there.[was].not|Ref=1SA_26:12!16|MId=o090260120162|Strong=0369|Type=negative 26 מֵקִ֗יץ קִיץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=[one.who].awoke|Ref=1SA_26:12!17|MId=o090260120171|Strong=6974a|Type=participle_active 27 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 30 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_26:12!18|MId=o090260120181|Strong=3588 28-29 כֻלָּם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 כֻלּ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ Gloss=of.them|Ref=1SA_26:12!19|MId=o090260120191|Strong=3605 29 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_26:12!19|MId=o090260120192|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 30 יְשֵׁנִ֔ים יָשֵׁן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 advcl _ Gloss=[were].sleeping|Ref=1SA_26:12!20|MId=o090260120201|Strong=3463|Type=adjective 31 כִּ֚י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 34 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_26:12!21|MId=o090260120211|Strong=3588 32 תַּרְדֵּמַ֣ת תַּרְדֵּמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ Gloss=(the).deep.sleep|Ref=1SA_26:12!22|MId=o090260120221|Strong=8639 33 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=1SA_26:12!23|MId=o090260120231|Strong=3068 34 נָפְלָ֖ה נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=it.had.fallen|Ref=1SA_26:12!24|MId=o090260120241|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:090260120221;|Type=qatal 35-36 עֲלֵיהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_26:12!25|MId=o090260120251|Strong=5921 36 הֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=1SA_26:12!25|MId=o090260120252|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=1SA_26:12!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** יִּקַּח *he took* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | חֲנִית *spear* + צַפַּחַת *the jug* | | | | יֵּלְכוּ *they went* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | נָפְלָה *it had fallen* | qatal · qal | תַּרְדֵּמַת *(the) deep sleep* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּנְסִיב דָוִד יַת מוּרְנִיתָא וְיַת מָנָא דְמַיָא מֵאִיסָדֵי שָׁאוּל וַאֲזַלוּ לְהוֹן וְלֵית דַחֲזֵי וְלֵית דִידַע וְלֵית דְמִתְעַר אֲרֵי כוּלְהוֹן דְמָכִין אֲרֵי שֵׁינָא תַקִיפָא מִן קֳדָם יְיָ נְפָלַת עֲלֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [So David took the spear and the cruse of water from Saul's head; and they got them away, and no man saw it, nor knew it, neither did any awake; for they were all asleep; because a deep sleep from the LORD was fallen upon them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.779/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:705`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 26:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.11/) - next →: [1 Samuel 26:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.13/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/26/)