--- title: 1 Samuel 26:15 — And David said to Abner: 'Art not thou a valiant man? and who is lik… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David said to Abner: 'Art not thou a valiant man? and who is like to thee in Israel? wherefore then hast thou not kept watch over thy lord the king? for there came one of the people in to destroy the king thy lord. Who acts: David, thou, valiant man, one. 1 Samuel 26:15 in Hebrew with its depend --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/26/) / 26:15 # 1 Samuel 26:15 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, thou, valiant man, one · **What happens:** say, not be, be, not keep, come, destroy · **To what, where:** Abner, valiant man, Israel, watch, king · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 26:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, thou, valiant man, one — and what happens in the verse to Abner, valiant man, Israel, watch, king, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּאמֶר֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶל־אַבְנֵ֜ר הֲלוֹא־אִ֣ישׁ אַתָּ֗ה וּמִ֤י כָמ֙וֹךָ֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְלָ֙מָּה֙ לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔רְתָּ אֶל־אֲדֹנֶ֖יךָ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כִּי־בָא֙ אַחַ֣ד הָעָ֔ם לְהַשְׁחִ֖ית אֶת־הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֲדֹנֶֽיךָ׃ [And David said to Abner: 'Art not thou a valiant man? and who is like to thee in Israel? wherefore then hast thou not kept watch over thy lord the king? for there came one of the people in to destroy the king thy lord.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.782/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:708 # text = וַיֹּאמֶר֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶל־אַבְנֵ֜ר הֲלוֹא־אִ֣ישׁ אַתָּ֗ה וּמִ֤י כָמ֙וֹךָ֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְלָ֙מָּה֙ לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔רְתָּ אֶל־אֲדֹנֶ֖יךָ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כִּי־בָא֙ אַחַ֣ד הָעָ֔ם לְהַשְׁחִ֖ית אֶת־הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֲדֹנֶֽיךָ׃ # verse = 1SA.26.15 1-2 וַיֹּאמֶר֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:15!1|MId=o090260150011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּאמֶר֩ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_26:15!1|MId=o090260150012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090260150021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִ֨ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_26:15!2|MId=o090260150021|Strong=1732 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_26:15!3|MId=o090260150031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 אַבְנֵ֜ר אַבְנֵר PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Abner|Ref=1SA_26:15!4|MId=o090260150041|Strong=0074 6-7 הֲלוֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 8 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=1SA_26:15!5|MId=o090260150051|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 7 לוֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 8 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_26:15!5|MId=o090260150052|Strong=3808|Type=negative 8 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=1SA_26:15!6|MId=o090260150061|Strong=0376 9 אַתָּ֗ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ Gloss=[are].you|Ref=1SA_26:15!7|MId=o090260150071|Strong=0859|Type=personal 10-11 וּמִ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:15!8|MId=o090260150081|Strong=2050b 11 מִ֤י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 13 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=1SA_26:15!8|MId=o090260150082|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 12-13 כָמ֙וֹךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 כָמ֙וֹ כְּמוֹ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=[is].like|Ref=1SA_26:15!9|MId=o090260150091|Strong=3644 13 ךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 conj _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_26:15!9|MId=o090260150092|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 14-15 בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_26:15!10|MId=o090260150101|Strong=0871a 15 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 13 obl _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1SA_26:15!10|MId=o090260150102|Strong=3478 16-18 וְלָ֙מָּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:15!11|MId=o090260150111|Strong=2050b 17 לָ֙ לָמָה ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_26:15!11|MId=o090260150112|Strong=3807a 18 מָּה֙ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 20 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=1SA_26:15!11|MId=o090260150113|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 19 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_26:15!12|MId=o090260150121|Strong=3808|Type=negative 20 שָׁמַ֔רְתָּ שָׁמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 8 conj _ Gloss=did.you.guard|Ref=1SA_26:15!13|MId=o090260150131|Strong=8104|Frame=A0:090260150041;|Type=qatal 21 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=1SA_26:15!14|MId=o090260150141|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 אֲדֹנֶ֖יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 אֲדֹנֶ֖י אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 obl _ Gloss=master(s)|Ref=1SA_26:15!15|MId=o090260150151|Strong=0113 23 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_26:15!15|MId=o090260150152|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 24-25 הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_26:15!16|MId=o090260150161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 מֶּ֑לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 appos _ Gloss=king|Ref=1SA_26:15!16|MId=o090260150162|Strong=4428 26 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 27 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_26:15!17|MId=o090260150171|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 27 בָא֙ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 advcl _ Gloss=he.came|Ref=1SA_26:15!18|MId=o090260150181|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090260150202;|Type=qatal 28 אַחַ֣ד אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 nummod _ Gloss=one|Ref=1SA_26:15!19|MId=o090260150191|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 29-30 הָעָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_26:15!20|MId=o090260150201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 עָ֔ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=1SA_26:15!20|MId=o090260150202|Strong=5971 31-32 לְהַשְׁחִ֖ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_26:15!21|MId=o090260150211|Strong=3807a 32 הַשְׁחִ֖ית שָׁחַת VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 27 advcl _ Gloss=destroy|Ref=1SA_26:15!21|MId=o090260150212|Strong=7843|Frame=AA:090260150202;A0:090260150232;|Type=infinitive_construct 33 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_26:15!22|MId=o090260150221|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 34-35 הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_26:15!23|MId=o090260150231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 מֶּ֥לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 obj _ Gloss=king|Ref=1SA_26:15!23|MId=o090260150232|Strong=4428 36-37 אֲדֹנֶֽיךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 אֲדֹנֶֽי אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 35 appos _ Gloss=master(s)|Ref=1SA_26:15!24|MId=o090260150241|Strong=0113 37 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_26:15!24|MId=o090260150242|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=1SA_26:15!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | **not** שָׁמַרְתָּ *did you guard* | qatal · qal | אַבְנֵר *Abner* | | | | | בָא *he came* | qatal · qal | עָם *the people* | | | | | הַשְׁחִית *destroy* | infinitive construct · hiphil | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | עָם *the people* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר דָוִד לְאַבְנֵר הֲלָא גְבַר גִבַּר אַתְּ וּמַן כְּוָתָךְ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וּלְמָא לָא נְטַרְתָּא עַל רִבּוֹנָךְ מַלְכָּא אֲרֵי אֲתָא חַד מִן עַמָא לְחַבָּלָא יַת מַלְכָּא רִבּוֹנָךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David said to Abner: 'Art not thou a valiant man? and who is like to thee in Israel? wherefore then hast thou not kept watch over thy lord the king? for there came one of the people in to destroy the king thy lord.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.782/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:708`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 26:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.14/) - next →: [1 Samuel 26:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.16/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/26/)