--- title: 1 Samuel 26:21 — Then said Saul: 'I have sinned; return, my son David; for I will no… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then said Saul: 'I have sinned; return, my son David; for I will no more do thee harm, because my life was precious in thine eyes this day; behold, I have played the fool and erred exceedingly.' Who acts: Saul, I, life. 1 Samuel 26:21 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/26/) / 26:21 # 1 Samuel 26:21 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Saul, I, life · **What happens:** say, sin, return, do, be, play · **To what, where:** harm, thee, eyes, fool · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 26:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, I, life — and what happens in the verse to harm, thee, eyes, fool, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּאמֶר֩ שָׁא֨וּל חָטָ֜אתִי שׁ֣וּב בְּנִֽי־דָוִ֗ד כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אָרַ֤ע לְךָ֙ ע֔וֹד תַּ֠חַת אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָקְרָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֛י בְּעֵינֶ֖יךָ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה הִנֵּ֥ה הִסְכַּ֛לְתִּי וָאֶשְׁגֶּ֖ה הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ [Then said Saul: 'I have sinned; return, my son David; for I will no more do thee harm, because my life was precious in thine eyes this day; behold, I have played the fool and erred exceedingly.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.791/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:714 # text = וַיֹּאמֶר֩ שָׁא֨וּל חָטָ֜אתִי שׁ֣וּב בְּנִֽי־דָוִ֗ד כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אָרַ֤ע לְךָ֙ ע֔וֹד תַּ֠חַת אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָקְרָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֛י בְּעֵינֶ֖יךָ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה הִנֵּ֥ה הִסְכַּ֛לְתִּי וָאֶשְׁגֶּ֖ה הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ # verse = 1SA.26.21 1-2 וַיֹּאמֶר֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:21!1|MId=o090260210011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּאמֶר֩ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_26:21!1|MId=o090260210012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090260210021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שָׁא֨וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_26:21!2|MId=o090260210021|Strong=7586 4 חָטָ֜אתִי חָטָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 ccomp _ Gloss=I.have.sinned|Ref=1SA_26:21!3|MId=o090260210031|Strong=2398|Frame=A0:090260210021;|Type=qatal 5 שׁ֣וּב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 4 parataxis _ Gloss=return|Ref=1SA_26:21!4|MId=o090260210041|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:090260210051;|Type=imperative 6-7 בְּנִֽי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בְּנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 parataxis _ Gloss=my.son|Ref=1SA_26:21!5|MId=o090260210051|Strong=1121 7 ִֽי־ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_26:21!5|MId=o090260210052|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 8 דָוִ֗ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 6 appos _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_26:21!6|MId=o090260210061|Strong=1732 9 כִּ֠י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_26:21!7|MId=o090260210071|Strong=3588 10 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_26:21!8|MId=o090260210081|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 11 אָרַ֤ע רָעַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 4 advcl _ Gloss=I.will.do.harm|Ref=1SA_26:21!9|MId=o090260210091|Strong=7489|Frame=A0:090260210021;|Type=yiqtol 12-13 לְךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 ל לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_26:21!10|MId=o090260210101|Strong=3807a 13 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_26:21!10|MId=o090260210102|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 14 ע֔וֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=again|Ref=1SA_26:21!11|MId=o090260210111|Strong=5750 15 תַּ֠חַת תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 11 parataxis _ Gloss=because|Ref=1SA_26:21!12|MId=o090260210121|Strong=8478 16 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=1SA_26:21!13|MId=o090260210131|Strong=0834|Type=relative 17 יָקְרָ֥ה יָקַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 parataxis _ Gloss=it.was.precious|Ref=1SA_26:21!14|MId=o090260210141|Strong=3365|Frame=A0:090260210151;|Type=qatal 18-19 נַפְשִׁ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=life|Ref=1SA_26:21!15|MId=o090260210151|Strong=5315 19 ִ֛י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_26:21!15|MId=o090260210152|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 20-22 בְּעֵינֶ֖יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_26:21!16|MId=o090260210161|Strong=0871a 21 עֵינֶ֖י עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 17 obl _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=1SA_26:21!16|MId=o090260210162|Strong=5869 22 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_26:21!16|MId=o090260210163|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 23-24 הַיּ֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_26:21!17|MId=o090260210171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 יּ֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=1SA_26:21!17|MId=o090260210172|Strong=3117 25-26 הַזֶּ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_26:21!18|MId=o090260210181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 זֶּ֑ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 24 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_26:21!18|MId=o090260210182|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 27 הִנֵּ֥ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 28 discourse _ Gloss=here!|Ref=1SA_26:21!19|MId=o090260210191|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 28 הִסְכַּ֛לְתִּי סָכַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 4 parataxis _ Gloss=I.have.behaved.foolishly|Ref=1SA_26:21!20|MId=o090260210201|Strong=5528|Frame=A0:090260210021;|Type=qatal 29-30 וָאֶשְׁגֶּ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:21!21|MId=o090260210211|Strong=2050b 30 אֶשְׁגֶּ֖ה שָׁגָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 28 conj _ Gloss=I.have.gone.astray|Ref=1SA_26:21!21|MId=o090260210212|Strong=7686|Frame=A0:090260210021;|Type=wayyiqtol 31 הַרְבֵּ֥ה רָבָה ADV _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 30 advmod _ Gloss=greatly|Ref=1SA_26:21!22|MId=o090260210221|Strong=7235b|Type=infinitive_absolute 32 מְאֹֽד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 31 advmod _ Gloss=very|Ref=1SA_26:21!23|MId=o090260210231|Strong=3966|SpaceAfter=No 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=1SA_26:21!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | חָטָאתִי *I have sinned* | qatal · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | שׁוּב *return* | imperative · qal | בְּנ *my son* | | | | | **not** אָרַע *I will do harm* | yiqtol · hiphil | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | יָקְרָה *it was precious* | qatal · qal | נַפְשׁ *life* | | | | | הִסְכַּלְתִּי *I have behaved foolishly* | qatal · hiphil | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | אֶשְׁגֶּה *I have gone astray* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר שָׁאוּל חָבִית תּוּב בְּרִי דָוִד אֲרֵי לָא אַבְאֵישׁ לָךְ עוֹד חֲלַף דִיקָרַת נַפְשִׁי בְּעֵינָךְ יוֹמָא הָדֵין הָא אִסְתַּכָּלִית וְאִטַפָּשִׁית סַגִי לַחֲדָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then said Saul: 'I have sinned; return, my son David; for I will no more do thee harm, because my life was precious in thine eyes this day; behold, I have played the fool and erred exceedingly.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.791/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:714`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 26:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.20/) - next →: [1 Samuel 26:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.22/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/26/)