--- title: 1 Samuel 26:3 — And Saul pitched in the hill of Hachilah, which is before Jeshimon,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Saul pitched in the hill of Hachilah, which is before Jeshimon, by the way. But David abode in the wilderness, and he saw that Saul came after him into the wilderness. Who acts: Saul, Hachilah, David. 1 Samuel 26:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/26/) / 26:3 # 1 Samuel 26:3 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Saul, Hachilah, David · **What happens:** pitch, be, abide, see, come · **To what, where:** hill, wilderness · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 26:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, Hachilah, David — and what happens in the verse to hill, wilderness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּ֨חַן שָׁא֜וּל בְּגִבְעַ֣ת הַחֲכִילָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֛ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַיְשִׁימֹ֖ן עַל־הַדָּ֑רֶךְ וְדָוִד֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר וַיַּ֕רְא כִּ֣י בָ֥א שָׁא֛וּל אַחֲרָ֖יו הַמִּדְבָּֽרָה׃ [And Saul pitched in the hill of Hachilah, which is before Jeshimon, by the way.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.769/) [But David abode in the wilderness, and he saw that Saul came after him into the wilderness.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.770/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:696 # text = וַיִּ֨חַן שָׁא֜וּל בְּגִבְעַ֣ת הַחֲכִילָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֛ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַיְשִׁימֹ֖ן עַל־הַדָּ֑רֶךְ וְדָוִד֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר וַיַּ֕רְא כִּ֣י בָ֥א שָׁא֛וּל אַחֲרָ֖יו הַמִּדְבָּֽרָה׃ # verse = 1SA.26.3 1-2 וַיִּ֨חַן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:3!1|MId=o090260030011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּ֨חַן חָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.encamped|Ref=1SA_26:3!1|MId=o090260030012|Strong=2583|Frame=A0:090260030021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שָׁא֜וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_26:3!2|MId=o090260030021|Strong=7586 4-5 בְּגִבְעַ֣ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_26:3!3|MId=o090260030031|Strong=0871a 5 גִבְעַ֣ת גִּבְעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.hill|Ref=1SA_26:3!3|MId=o090260030032|Strong=1389 6-7 הַחֲכִילָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=1SA_26:3!4|MId=o090260030041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 חֲכִילָ֗ה חֲכִילָה PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Hakilah|Ref=1SA_26:3!4|MId=o090260030042|Strong=2444 8 אֲשֶׁ֛ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1SA_26:3!5|MId=o090260030051|Strong=0834|Type=relative 9 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=[was].on|Ref=1SA_26:3!6|MId=o090260030061|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 10 פְּנֵ֥י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 5 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.face|Ref=1SA_26:3!7|MId=o090260030071|Strong=6440 11-12 הַיְשִׁימֹ֖ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=1SA_26:3!8|MId=o090260030081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 יְשִׁימֹ֖ן יְשִׁימֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Jeshimon|Ref=1SA_26:3!8|MId=o090260030082|Strong=3452 13 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_26:3!9|MId=o090260030091|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 הַדָּ֑רֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_26:3!10|MId=o090260030101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 דָּ֑רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=way|Ref=1SA_26:3!10|MId=o090260030102|Strong=1870 16-17 וְדָוִד֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:3!11|MId=o090260030111|Strong=2050b 17 דָוִד֙ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 18 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_26:3!11|MId=o090260030112|Strong=1732 18 יֹשֵׁ֣ב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[was].dwelling|Ref=1SA_26:3!12|MId=o090260030121|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:090260030112;|Type=participle_active 19-21 בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_26:3!13|MId=o090260030131|Strong=0871a 20 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_26:3!13|MId=o090260030131ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 מִּדְבָּ֔ר מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=wilderness|Ref=1SA_26:3!13|MId=o090260030132|Strong=4057 22-23 וַיַּ֕רְא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:3!14|MId=o090260030141|Strong=2050b 23 יַּ֕רְא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.saw|Ref=1SA_26:3!14|MId=o090260030142|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:090260030112;A1:090260030161;|Type=wayyiqtol 24 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1SA_26:3!15|MId=o090260030151|Strong=3588 25 בָ֥א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 23 ccomp _ Gloss=he.had.come|Ref=1SA_26:3!16|MId=o090260030161|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090260030171;|Type=qatal 26 שָׁא֛וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 25 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_26:3!17|MId=o090260030171|Strong=7586 27-28 אַחֲרָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 אַחֲרָ֖י אַחַר ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=1SA_26:3!18|MId=o090260030181|Strong=0310 28 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_26:3!18|MId=o090260030182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29-31 הַמִּדְבָּֽרָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_26:3!19|MId=o090260030191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 מִּדְבָּֽר מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_26:3!19|MId=o090260030192|Strong=4057 31 ָה ה X _ _ 30 nmod _ Gloss=wilderness|Ref=1SA_26:3!19|MId=o090260030193|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=1SA_26:3!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּחַן *he encamped* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | יֹשֵׁב *\[was\] dwelling* | participle active · qal | דָוִד *David* | | | | | יַּרְא *he saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָוִד *David* | בָא *he had come* | | | | בָא *he had come* | qatal · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁרָא שָׁאוּל בְּגִבְעֲת חֲבִילָה דִי עַל אַפֵי יְשִׁימוֹן עַל אוֹרְחָא וְדָוִד יָתֵיב בְּמַדְבְּרָא וַחֲזָא אֲרֵי אֲתָא שָׁאוּל בַּתְרוֹהִי לְמַדְבְּרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Saul pitched in the hill of Hachilah, which is before Jeshimon, by the way.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.769/) 2. [But David abode in the wilderness, and he saw that Saul came after him into the wilderness.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.770/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:696`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 26:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.2/) - next →: [1 Samuel 26:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.4/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/26/)