--- title: 1 Samuel 26:7 — So David and Abishai came to the people by night; and, behold, Saul… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: So David and Abishai came to the people by night; and, behold, Saul lay sleeping within the barricade, with his spear stuck in the ground at his head; and Abner and the people lay round about him. Who acts: David, Saul, Abner. 1 Samuel 26:7 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 19 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/26/) / 26:7 # 1 Samuel 26:7 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, Saul, Abner · **What happens:** come, lie, sleep, stick · **To what, where:** spear, ground This is 1 Samuel 26:7 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, Saul, Abner — and what happens in the verse to spear, ground, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּבֹא֩ דָוִ֨ד וַאֲבִישַׁ֥י ׀ אֶל־הָעָם֮ לַיְלָה֒ וְהִנֵּ֣ה שָׁא֗וּל שֹׁכֵ֤ב יָשֵׁן֙ בַּמַּעְגָּ֔ל וַחֲנִית֥וֹ מְעוּכָֽה־בָאָ֖רֶץ מְרַאֲשֹׁתָ֑יו וְאַבְנֵ֣ר וְהָעָ֔ם שֹׁכְבִ֖ים סְבִיבֹתָֽיו׃ס [So David and Abishai came to the people by night; and, behold, Saul lay sleeping within the barricade, with his spear stuck in the ground at his head; and Abner and the people lay round about him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.774/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:700 # text = וַיָּבֹא֩ דָוִ֨ד וַאֲבִישַׁ֥י ׀ אֶל־הָעָם֮ לַיְלָה֒ וְהִנֵּ֣ה שָׁא֗וּל שֹׁכֵ֤ב יָשֵׁן֙ בַּמַּעְגָּ֔ל וַחֲנִית֥וֹ מְעוּכָֽה־בָאָ֖רֶץ מְרַאֲשֹׁתָ֑יו וְאַבְנֵ֣ר וְהָעָ֔ם שֹׁכְבִ֖ים סְבִיבֹתָֽיו׃ס # verse = 1SA.26.7 1-2 וַיָּבֹא֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:7!1|MId=o090260070011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּבֹא֩ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.went|Ref=1SA_26:7!1|MId=o090260070012|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090260070021;090260070032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָוִ֨ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_26:7!2|MId=o090260070021|Strong=1732 4-5 וַאֲבִישַׁ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:7!3|MId=o090260070031|Strong=2050b 5 אֲבִישַׁ֥י אֲבִישַׁי PROPN _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=Abishai|Ref=1SA_26:7!3|MId=o090260070032|Strong=0052 6 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ Ref=1SA_26:7!3 7 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_26:7!4|MId=o090260070041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הָעָם֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_26:7!5|MId=o090260070051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 עָם֮ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=1SA_26:7!5|MId=o090260070052|Strong=5971 10 לַיְלָה֒ לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=night|Ref=1SA_26:7!6|MId=o090260070061|Strong=3915 11-12 וְהִנֵּ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:7!7|MId=o090260070071|Strong=2050b 12 הִנֵּ֣ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 14 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=1SA_26:7!7|MId=o090260070072|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 13 שָׁא֗וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 14 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_26:7!8|MId=o090260070081|Strong=7586 14 שֹׁכֵ֤ב שָׁכַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[was].lying|Ref=1SA_26:7!9|MId=o090260070091|Strong=7901|Frame=A0:090260070081;|Type=participle_active 15 יָשֵׁן֙ יָשֵׁן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 advmod _ Gloss=sleeping|Ref=1SA_26:7!10|MId=o090260070101|Strong=3463|Type=adjective 16-18 בַּמַּעְגָּ֔ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_26:7!11|MId=o090260070111|Strong=0871a 17 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_26:7!11|MId=o090260070111ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 מַּעְגָּ֔ל מַעְגָּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=camp|Ref=1SA_26:7!11|MId=o090260070112|Strong=4570 19-21 וַחֲנִית֥וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:7!12|MId=o090260070121|Strong=2050b 20 חֲנִית חֲנִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ Gloss=spear|Ref=1SA_26:7!12|MId=o090260070122|Strong=2595 21 ֥וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_26:7!12|MId=o090260070123|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 22 מְעוּכָֽה־ מָעַךְ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 14 conj _ Gloss=[was].thrust|Ref=1SA_26:7!13|MId=o090260070131|Strong=4600|Frame=A1:090260070122;|Type=participle_passive|SpaceAfter=No 23-25 בָאָ֖רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בָ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_26:7!14|MId=o090260070141|Strong=0871a 24 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_26:7!14|MId=o090260070141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 אָ֖רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=ground|Ref=1SA_26:7!14|MId=o090260070142|Strong=0776 26-27 מְרַאֲשֹׁתָ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 מְרַאֲשֹׁתָ֑י מְרַאֲשָׁוֹת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 22 obl _ Gloss=of.his.head|Ref=1SA_26:7!16|MId=o090260070161|Strong=4763 27 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=the.place|Ref=1SA_26:7!16|MId=o090260070162|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28-29 וְאַבְנֵ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:7!17|MId=o090260070171|Strong=2050b 29 אַבְנֵ֣ר אַבְנֵר PROPN _ _ 33 nsubj _ Gloss=Abner|Ref=1SA_26:7!17|MId=o090260070172|Strong=0074 30-32 וְהָעָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:7!18|MId=o090260070181|Strong=2050b 31 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_26:7!18|MId=o090260070182|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 עָ֔ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 conj _ Gloss=people|Ref=1SA_26:7!18|MId=o090260070183|Strong=5971 33 שֹׁכְבִ֖ים שָׁכַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=[were].lying|Ref=1SA_26:7!19|MId=o090260070191|Strong=7901|Frame=A0:090260070172;090260070183;|Type=participle_active 34-35 סְבִיבֹתָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 סְבִיבֹתָֽי סָבִיב ADV _ Number=Plur 33 obl _ Gloss=around|Ref=1SA_26:7!21|MId=o090260070211|Strong=5439 35 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_26:7!21|MId=o090260070212|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=1SA_26:7!21|SpaceAfter=No 37 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=1SA_26:7!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּבֹא *he went* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָוִד *David* + אֲבִישַׁי *Abishai* | | | | | שֹׁכֵב *\[was\] lying* | participle active · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | מְעוּכָֽה־ *\[was\] thrust* | participle passive · qal | | חֲנִית *spear* | | | | שֹׁכְבִים *\[were\] lying* | participle active · qal | אַבְנֵר *Abner* + עָם *people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתָא דָוִד וַאֲבִישַׁי לְוַת עַמָא בְּלֵיְלְיָא וְהָא שָׁאוּל שְׁכִיב דְמוּךְ בְּכַרְכּוּמָא וּמוּרְנִיתֵיהּ נְעִיצָא בְאַרְעָא אִיסָדוֹהִי וְאַבְנֵר וְעַמָא שָׁרָן סַחֲרָנוֹהִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [So David and Abishai came to the people by night; and, behold, Saul lay sleeping within the barricade, with his spear stuck in the ground at his head; and Abner and the people lay round about him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.774/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:700`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 26:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.6/) - next →: [1 Samuel 26:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.8/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/26/)