--- title: 1 Samuel 26:8 — Then said Abishai to David: 'God hath delivered up thine enemy into… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then said Abishai to David: 'God hath delivered up thine enemy into thy hand this day; now therefore let me smite him, I pray thee, with the spear to the earth at one stroke, and I will not smite him the second time.' Who acts: Abishai, God, me, I. 1 Samuel 26:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, T --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/26/) / 26:8 # 1 Samuel 26:8 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Abishai, God, me, I · **What happens:** say, deliver up, let, smite, pray, not smite · **To what, where:** David, enemy, hand, me, one stroke, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 26:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abishai, God, me, I — and what happens in the verse to David, enemy, hand, me, one stroke, thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲבִישַׁי֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד סִגַּ֨ר אֱלֹהִ֥ים הַיּ֛וֹם אֶת־אוֹיִבְךָ֖ בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וְעַתָּה֩ אַכֶּ֨נּוּ נָ֜א בַּחֲנִ֤ית וּבָאָ֙רֶץ֙ פַּ֣עַם אַחַ֔ת וְלֹ֥א אֶשְׁנֶ֖ה לֽוֹ׃ [Then said Abishai to David: 'God hath delivered up thine enemy into thy hand this day; now therefore let me smite him, I pray thee, with the spear to the earth at one stroke, and I will not smite him the second time.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.775/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:701 # text = וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲבִישַׁי֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד סִגַּ֨ר אֱלֹהִ֥ים הַיּ֛וֹם אֶת־אוֹיִבְךָ֖ בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וְעַתָּה֩ אַכֶּ֨נּוּ נָ֜א בַּחֲנִ֤ית וּבָאָ֙רֶץ֙ פַּ֣עַם אַחַ֔ת וְלֹ֥א אֶשְׁנֶ֖ה לֽוֹ׃ # verse = 1SA.26.8 1-2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:8!1|MId=o090260080011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_26:8!1|MId=o090260080012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090260080021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֲבִישַׁי֙ אֲבִישַׁי PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Abishai|Ref=1SA_26:8!2|MId=o090260080021|Strong=0052 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_26:8!3|MId=o090260080031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 דָּוִ֔ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_26:8!4|MId=o090260080041|Strong=1732 6 סִגַּ֨ר סָגַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=he.has.delivered.up|Ref=1SA_26:8!5|MId=o090260080051|Strong=5462|Frame=A0:090260080061;A1:090260080091;|Type=qatal 7 אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=1SA_26:8!6|MId=o090260080061|Strong=0430 8-9 הַיּ֛וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_26:8!7|MId=o090260080071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 יּ֛וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=1SA_26:8!7|MId=o090260080072|Strong=3117 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_26:8!8|MId=o090260080081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 אוֹיִבְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 אוֹיִב אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=enemy|Ref=1SA_26:8!9|MId=o090260080091|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 12 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_26:8!9|MId=o090260080092|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 13-15 בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_26:8!10|MId=o090260080101|Strong=0871a 14 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=1SA_26:8!10|MId=o090260080102|Strong=3027 15 ֶ֑ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_26:8!10|MId=o090260080103|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 16-17 וְעַתָּה֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:8!11|MId=o090260080111|Strong=2050b 17 עַתָּה֩ עַתָּה ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=1SA_26:8!11|MId=o090260080112|Strong=6258 18-19 אַכֶּ֨נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 אַכּ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 6 parataxis _ Gloss=let|Ref=1SA_26:8!12|MId=o090260080121|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:090260080021;A0:090260080122;|Type=cohortative 19 ֶ֨נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obj _ Gloss=me.strike.him|Ref=1SA_26:8!12|MId=o090260080122|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 20 נָ֜א נָא INTJ _ _ 18 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=1SA_26:8!13|MId=o090260080131|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 21-23 בַּחֲנִ֤ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_26:8!14|MId=o090260080141|Strong=0871a 22 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=[the]|Ref=1SA_26:8!14|MId=o090260080141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 חֲנִ֤ית חֲנִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=spear|Ref=1SA_26:8!14|MId=o090260080142|Strong=2595 24-27 וּבָאָ֙רֶץ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:8!15|MId=o090260080151|Strong=2050b 25 בָ בְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_26:8!15|MId=o090260080152|Strong=0871a 26 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_26:8!15|MId=o090260080152ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 אָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 18 conj _ Gloss=ground|Ref=1SA_26:8!15|MId=o090260080153|Strong=0776 28 פַּ֣עַם פַּעַם NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=a.time|Ref=1SA_26:8!16|MId=o090260080161|Strong=6471 29 אַחַ֔ת אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 28 nummod _ Gloss=one|Ref=1SA_26:8!17|MId=o090260080171|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 30-31 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_26:8!18|MId=o090260080181|Strong=2050b 31 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 32 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_26:8!18|MId=o090260080182|Strong=3808|Type=negative 32 אֶשְׁנֶ֖ה שָׁנָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 6 conj _ Gloss=I.will.repeat|Ref=1SA_26:8!19|MId=o090260080191|Strong=8138a|Frame=A0:090260080021;|Type=yiqtol 33-34 לֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 ל לְ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_26:8!20|MId=o090260080201|Strong=3807a 34 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_26:8!20|MId=o090260080202|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=1SA_26:8!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲבִישַׁי *Abishai* | | | | | סִגַּר *he has delivered up* | qatal · piel | אֱלֹהִים *God* | אוֹיִב *enemy* | | | | אַכּ *let* | cohortative · hiphil | ֶנּוּ *me strike him* | | | אֲבִישַׁי *Abishai* | | **not** אֶשְׁנֶה *I will repeat* | yiqtol · qal | אֲבִישַׁי *Abishai* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר אֲבִישַׁי לְדָוִד מְסַר יְיָ יוֹמָא דֵין יַת בְּעֵיל דְבָבָךְ בִּידָךְ וּכְעַן אֶמְחִינֵיהּ כְּעַן בְּמוּרְנִיתָא וְאַבְרְזִינֵיהּ בְּאַרְעָא זִמְנָא חָדָא וְלָא אֶשְׁנֵי לֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then said Abishai to David: 'God hath delivered up thine enemy into thy hand this day; now therefore let me smite him, I pray thee, with the spear to the earth at one stroke, and I will not smite him the second time.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.775/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:701`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 26:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.7/) - next →: [1 Samuel 26:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.9/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/26/)