--- title: 1 Samuel 27:1 — And David said in his heart: 'I shall now be swept away one day by t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David said in his heart: 'I shall now be swept away one day by the hand of Saul; there is nothing better for me than that I should escape into the land of the Philistines; and Saul will despair of me, to seek me any more in all the borders of Israel; so shall I escape out of his hand.' Who acts: --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.27.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/27/) / 27:1 # 1 Samuel 27:1 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, hand, nothing, I, Saul · **What happens:** say, sweep away, be, escape, despair, seek · **To what, where:** heart, I, land, me, borders, hand · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 27:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, hand, nothing, I, Saul — and what happens in the verse to heart, I, land, me, borders, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־לִבּ֔וֹ עַתָּ֛ה אֶסָּפֶ֥ה יוֹם־אֶחָ֖ד בְּיַד־שָׁא֑וּל אֵֽין־לִ֨י ט֜וֹב כִּ֣י הִמָּלֵ֥ט אִמָּלֵ֣ט ׀ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וְנוֹאַ֨שׁ מִמֶּ֤נִּי שָׁאוּל֙ לְבַקְשֵׁ֤נִי עוֹד֙ בְּכָל־גְּב֣וּל יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְנִמְלַטְתִּ֖י מִיָּדֽוֹ׃ [And David said in his heart: 'I shall now be swept away one day by the hand of Saul; there is nothing better for me than that I should escape into the land of the Philistines; and Saul will despair of me, to seek me any more in all the borders of Israel; so shall I escape out of his hand.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.796/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:719 # text = וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־לִבּ֔וֹ עַתָּ֛ה אֶסָּפֶ֥ה יוֹם־אֶחָ֖ד בְּיַד־שָׁא֑וּל אֵֽין־לִ֨י ט֜וֹב כִּ֣י הִמָּלֵ֥ט אִמָּלֵ֣ט ׀ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וְנוֹאַ֨שׁ מִמֶּ֤נִּי שָׁאוּל֙ לְבַקְשֵׁ֤נִי עוֹד֙ בְּכָל־גְּב֣וּל יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְנִמְלַטְתִּ֖י מִיָּדֽוֹ׃ # verse = 1SA.27.1 1-2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_27:1!1|MId=o090270010011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_27:1!1|MId=o090270010012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090270010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִד֙ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_27:1!2|MId=o090270010021|Strong=1732 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_27:1!3|MId=o090270010031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 לִבּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לִבּ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=heart|Ref=1SA_27:1!4|MId=o090270010041|Strong=3820 6 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_27:1!4|MId=o090270010042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7 עַתָּ֛ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 8 advmod _ Gloss=now|Ref=1SA_27:1!5|MId=o090270010051|Strong=6258 8 אֶסָּפֶ֥ה סָפָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 ccomp _ Gloss=I.will.be.swept.away|Ref=1SA_27:1!6|MId=o090270010061|Strong=5595|Frame=A1:090270010021;|Type=yiqtol 9 יוֹם־ יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=a.day|Ref=1SA_27:1!7|MId=o090270010071|Strong=3117|SpaceAfter=No 10 אֶחָ֖ד אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 nummod _ Gloss=one|Ref=1SA_27:1!8|MId=o090270010081|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 11-12 בְּיַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=1SA_27:1!9|MId=o090270010091|Strong=0871a 12 יַד־ יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=1SA_27:1!9|MId=o090270010092|Strong=3027 13 שָׁא֑וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Saul|Ref=1SA_27:1!10|MId=o090270010101|Strong=7586 14 אֵֽין־ אַיִן ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=1SA_27:1!11|MId=o090270010111|Strong=0369|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 לִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 ל לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_27:1!12|MId=o090270010121|Strong=3807a 16 ִ֨י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 parataxis _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_27:1!12|MId=o090270010122|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 17 ט֜וֹב טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=good|Ref=1SA_27:1!13|MId=o090270010131|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 18 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_27:1!14|MId=o090270010141|Strong=3588 19 הִמָּלֵ֥ט מָלַט VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 20 obl:npmod _ Gloss=really.(escape)|Ref=1SA_27:1!15|MId=o090270010151|Strong=4422|Type=infinitive_construct 20 אִמָּלֵ֣ט מָלַט VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 8 advcl _ Gloss=I.will.escape|Ref=1SA_27:1!16|MId=o090270010161|Strong=4422|Frame=A0:090270010021;|Type=yiqtol 21 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=1SA_27:1!16 22 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_27:1!17|MId=o090270010171|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 23 אֶ֣רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=1SA_27:1!18|MId=o090270010181|Strong=0776 24 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_27:1!19|MId=o090270010191|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 25-26 וְנוֹאַ֨שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_27:1!20|MId=o090270010201|Strong=2050b 26 נוֹאַ֨שׁ יָאַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=he.will.desist|Ref=1SA_27:1!20|MId=o090270010202|Strong=2976|Frame=A0:090270010221;|Type=qatal 27-28 מִמֶּ֤נִּי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 מִמּ מִן ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_27:1!21|MId=o090270010211|Strong=4480 28 ֶ֤נִּי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 26 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_27:1!21|MId=o090270010212|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 29 שָׁאוּל֙ שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 26 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_27:1!22|MId=o090270010221|Strong=7586 30-32 לְבַקְשֵׁ֤נִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_27:1!23|MId=o090270010231|Strong=3807a 31 בַקְשׁ בָּקַשׁ VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 26 advcl _ Gloss=seek|Ref=1SA_27:1!23|MId=o090270010232|Strong=1245|Frame=A0:090270010221;A1:090270010233;|Type=infinitive_construct 32 ֵ֤נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_27:1!23|MId=o090270010233|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 33 עוֹד֙ עוֹד ADV _ _ 31 advmod _ Gloss=again|Ref=1SA_27:1!24|MId=o090270010241|Strong=5750 34-35 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_27:1!25|MId=o090270010251|Strong=0871a 35 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_27:1!25|MId=o090270010252|Strong=3605 36 גְּב֣וּל גְּבוּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.territory|Ref=1SA_27:1!26|MId=o090270010261|Strong=1366 37 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1SA_27:1!27|MId=o090270010271|Strong=3478 38-39 וְנִמְלַטְתִּ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_27:1!28|MId=o090270010281|Strong=2050b 39 נִמְלַטְתִּ֖י מָלַט VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 8 conj _ Gloss=I.will.be.delivered|Ref=1SA_27:1!28|MId=o090270010282|Strong=4422|Frame=A0:090270010021;|Type=weqatal 40-42 מִיָּדֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_27:1!29|MId=o090270010291|Strong=4480 41 יָּד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 39 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=1SA_27:1!29|MId=o090270010292|Strong=3027 42 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_27:1!29|MId=o090270010293|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 43 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 42 punct _ Ref=1SA_27:1!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | אֶסָּפֶה *I will be swept away* | yiqtol · niphal | | דָּוִד *David* | | | | אִמָּלֵט *I will escape* | yiqtol · niphal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | | נוֹאַשׁ *he will desist* | qatal · niphal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | בַקְשׁ *seek* | infinitive construct · piel | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | ֵנִי *me* | | | | נִמְלַטְתִּי *I will be delivered* | weqatal · niphal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר דָוִד בְּלִבֵּיהּ דִלְמָא אִתְמְסִיר יוֹמָא חָד בִּידָא דְשָׁאוּל לֵית לִי מִדַעַם דְטַב אֲרֵי אִשְׁתֵּיזָבָא אִשְׁתֵּיזֵב לְאַרַע פְלִשְׁתָּאֵי וִינוּחַ מִנִי שָׁאוּל לְמִבְעֵנִי עוֹד בְּכָל תְּחוּם אַרְעָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל וְאִשְׁתֵּיזֵיב מִן יְדֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David said in his heart: 'I shall now be swept away one day by the hand of Saul; there is nothing better for me than that I should escape into the land of the Philistines; and Saul will despair of me, to seek me any more in all the borders of Israel; so shall I escape out of his hand.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.796/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:719`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 26:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.26.25/) - next →: [1 Samuel 27:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.27.2/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/27/)