--- title: 1 Samuel 27:10 — And Achish said: 'Whither have ye made a raid to-day?' And David sai… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Achish said: 'Whither have ye made a raid to-day?' And David said: 'Against the South of Judah, and against the South of the Jerahmeelites, and against the South of the Kenites.' Who acts: Achish, ye, David. 1 Samuel 27:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pra --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.27.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/27/) / 27:10 # 1 Samuel 27:10 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Achish, ye, David · **What happens:** say, make · **To what, where:** raid · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 27:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Achish, ye, David — and what happens in the verse to raid, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אָכִ֔ישׁ אַל־פְּשַׁטְתֶּ֖ם הַיּ֑וֹם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד עַל־נֶ֤גֶב יְהוּדָה֙ וְעַל־נֶ֣גֶב הַיַּרְחְמְאֵלִ֔י וְאֶל־נֶ֖גֶב הַקֵּינִֽי׃ [And Achish said: 'Whither have ye made a raid to-day?' And David said: 'Against the South of Judah, and against the South of the Jerahmeelites, and against the South of the Kenites.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.806/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:728 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אָכִ֔ישׁ אַל־פְּשַׁטְתֶּ֖ם הַיּ֑וֹם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד עַל־נֶ֤גֶב יְהוּדָה֙ וְעַל־נֶ֣גֶב הַיַּרְחְמְאֵלִ֔י וְאֶל־נֶ֖גֶב הַקֵּינִֽי׃ # verse = 1SA.27.10 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_27:10!1|MId=o090270100011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_27:10!1|MId=o090270100012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090270100021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אָכִ֔ישׁ אָכִישׁ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Achish|Ref=1SA_27:10!2|MId=o090270100021|Strong=0397 4 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_27:10!3|MId=o090270100031|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 5 פְּשַׁטְתֶּ֖ם פָּשַׁט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=did.you.make.a.raid|Ref=1SA_27:10!4|MId=o090270100041|Strong=6584|Frame=A0:090270090021;090270080032;|Type=qatal 6-7 הַיּ֑וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_27:10!5|MId=o090270100051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 יּ֑וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=1SA_27:10!5|MId=o090270100052|Strong=3117 8-9 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_27:10!6|MId=o090270100061|Strong=2050b 9 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_27:10!6|MId=o090270100062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090270100071;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 דָּוִ֗ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 9 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_27:10!7|MId=o090270100071|Strong=1732 11 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_27:10!8|MId=o090270100081|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 12 נֶ֤גֶב נֶגֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 ccomp _ Gloss=the.Negev|Ref=1SA_27:10!9|MId=o090270100091|Strong=5045 13 יְהוּדָה֙ יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=1SA_27:10!10|MId=o090270100101|Strong=3063 14-15 וְעַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_27:10!11|MId=o090270100111|Strong=2050b 15 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_27:10!11|MId=o090270100112|Strong=5921 16 נֶ֣גֶב נֶגֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=the.Negev|Ref=1SA_27:10!12|MId=o090270100121|Strong=5045 17-18 הַיַּרְחְמְאֵלִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_27:10!13|MId=o090270100131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 יַּרְחְמְאֵלִ֔י יְרַחְמְאֵלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jerahmeelite[s]|Ref=1SA_27:10!13|MId=o090270100132|Strong=3397|Type=gentilic 19-20 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_27:10!14|MId=o090270100141|Strong=2050b 20 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=1SA_27:10!14|MId=o090270100142|Strong=0413 21 נֶ֖גֶב נֶגֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=the.Negev|Ref=1SA_27:10!15|MId=o090270100151|Strong=5045 22-23 הַקֵּינִֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_27:10!16|MId=o090270100161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 קֵּינִֽי קֵינִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Kenite[s]|Ref=1SA_27:10!16|MId=o090270100162|Strong=7017|Type=gentilic 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=1SA_27:10!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אָכִישׁ *Achish* | | | | | **not** פְּשַׁטְתֶּם *did you make a raid* | qatal · qal | | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר אָכִישׁ לְאָן אִתְנְגַדְתּוּן יוֹמָא דֵין וַאֲמַר דָוִד עַל דָרוֹם יְהוּדָה וְעַל דָרוֹם יְרַחְמְאֵלָה וּלְדָרוֹם שַׁלְמָאָה: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Achish said: 'Whither have ye made a raid to-day?' And David said: 'Against the South of Judah, and against the South of the Jerahmeelites, and against the South of the Kenites.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.806/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:728`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 27:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.27.9/) - next →: [1 Samuel 27:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.27.11/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/27/)