--- title: 1 Samuel 27:8 — And David and his men went up, and made a raid upon the Geshurites,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David and his men went up, and made a raid upon the Geshurites, and the Gizrites, and the Amalekites; for those were the inhabitants of the land, who were of old, as thou goest to Shur, even unto the land of Egypt. Who acts: David, those, land, thou. 1 Samuel 27:8 in Hebrew with its dependency t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.27.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/27/) / 27:8 # 1 Samuel 27:8 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, those, land, thou · **What happens:** go up, make, be, go · **To what, where:** raid, inhabitants, Shur This is 1 Samuel 27:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, those, land, thou — and what happens in the verse to raid, inhabitants, Shur, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּ֤עַל דָּוִד֙ וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֔יו וַֽיִּפְשְׁט֛וּ אֶל־הַגְּשׁוּרִ֥י וְהַגִּזְרִ֖י וְהָעֲמָלֵקִ֑י כִּ֣י הֵ֜נָּה יֹשְׁב֤וֹת הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם בּוֹאֲךָ֥ שׁ֖וּרָה וְעַד־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ [And David and his men went up, and made a raid upon the Geshurites, and the Gizrites, and the Amalekites; for those were the inhabitants of the land, who were of old, as thou goest to Shur, even unto the land of Egypt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.803/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:726 # text = וַיַּ֤עַל דָּוִד֙ וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֔יו וַֽיִּפְשְׁט֛וּ אֶל־הַגְּשׁוּרִ֥י וְהַגִּזְרִ֖י וְהָעֲמָלֵקִ֑י כִּ֣י הֵ֜נָּה יֹשְׁב֤וֹת הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם בּוֹאֲךָ֥ שׁ֖וּרָה וְעַד־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ # verse = 1SA.27.8 1-2 וַיַּ֤עַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_27:8!1|MId=o090270080011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּ֤עַל עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.went.up|Ref=1SA_27:8!1|MId=o090270080012|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:090270080021;090270080032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִד֙ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_27:8!2|MId=o090270080021|Strong=1732 4-6 וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_27:8!3|MId=o090270080031|Strong=2050b 5 אֲנָשָׁ֔י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 conj _ Gloss=men|Ref=1SA_27:8!3|MId=o090270080032|Strong=0376 6 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_27:8!3|MId=o090270080033|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7-8 וַֽיִּפְשְׁט֛וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_27:8!4|MId=o090270080041|Strong=2050b 8 יִּפְשְׁט֛וּ פָּשַׁט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.made.raids|Ref=1SA_27:8!4|MId=o090270080042|Strong=6584|Frame=A0:090270080021;090270080032;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=1SA_27:8!5|MId=o090270080051|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 הַגְּשׁוּרִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_27:8!6|MId=o090270080061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 גְּשׁוּרִ֥י גְּשׁוּרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=Geshurite[s]|Ref=1SA_27:8!6|MId=o090270080062|Strong=1651|Type=gentilic 12-14 וְהַגִּזְרִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_27:8!8|MId=o090270080081|Strong=2050b 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_27:8!8|MId=o090270080082|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 גִּזְרִ֖י גִּזְרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=Gizrite[s]|Ref=1SA_27:8!8|MId=o090270080083|Strong=1511|Type=gentilic 15-17 וְהָעֲמָלֵקִ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_27:8!9|MId=o090270080091|Strong=2050b 16 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_27:8!9|MId=o090270080092|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 עֲמָלֵקִ֑י עֲמָלֵקִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=Amalekite[s]|Ref=1SA_27:8!9|MId=o090270080093|Strong=6003|Type=gentilic 18 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_27:8!10|MId=o090270080101|Strong=3588 19 הֵ֜נָּה הֵנָּה PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=1SA_27:8!11|MId=o090270080111|Strong=2007|Type=personal 20 יֹשְׁב֤וֹת יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 advcl _ Gloss=[were].dwelling|Ref=1SA_27:8!12|MId=o090270080121|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:090270080062;090270080083;090270080093;|Type=participle_active 21-22 הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_27:8!13|MId=o090270080131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 אָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=land|Ref=1SA_27:8!13|MId=o090270080132|Strong=0776 23 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1SA_27:8!14|MId=o090270080141|Strong=0834|Type=relative 24-25 מֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=[is].from|Ref=1SA_27:8!15|MId=o090270080151|Strong=4480 25 עוֹלָ֔ם עוֹלָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 acl:relcl _ Gloss=antiquity|Ref=1SA_27:8!15|MId=o090270080152|Strong=5769 26-27 בּוֹאֲךָ֥ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 בּוֹא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 20 advcl _ Gloss=come|Ref=1SA_27:8!16|MId=o090270080161|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090270080162;|Type=infinitive_construct 27 ֲךָ֥ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_27:8!16|MId=o090270080162|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 28-29 שׁ֖וּרָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 שׁ֖וּר שׁוּר PROPN _ _ 26 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_27:8!17|MId=o090270080171|Strong=7793 29 ָה ה X _ _ 28 nmod _ Gloss=Shur|Ref=1SA_27:8!17|MId=o090270080172|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 30-31 וְעַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_27:8!18|MId=o090270080181|Strong=2050b 31 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_27:8!18|MId=o090270080182|Strong=5704 32 אֶ֥רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 28 conj _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=1SA_27:8!19|MId=o090270080191|Strong=0776 33 מִצְרָֽיִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Egypt|Ref=1SA_27:8!20|MId=o090270080201|Strong=4714|SpaceAfter=No 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=1SA_27:8!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעַל *he went up* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* + אֲנָשָׁי *men* | | | | | יִּפְשְׁטוּ *they made raids* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* + אֲנָשָׁי *men* | | | | | יֹשְׁבוֹת *\[were\] dwelling* | participle active · qal | גְּשׁוּרִי *Geshurite\[s\]* + גִּזְרִי *Gizrite\[s\]* + עֲמָלֵקִי *Amalekite\[s\]* | | | | | בּוֹא *come* | infinitive construct · qal | ֲךָ *you* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּסְלִיק דָוִד וְגַבְרוֹהִי וְאִתְנְגִידוּ עַל גְשׁוּרָאֵי וְעַל גִזְרָאֵי וַעֲמַלְקָאֵי אֲרֵי אִינוּן יַתְבַת אַרְעָא דְמֵעַלְמָא מַעֲלָנָא דְחַגְרָא וְעַד אַרְעָא דְמִצְרַיִם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David and his men went up, and made a raid upon the Geshurites, and the Gizrites, and the Amalekites; for those were the inhabitants of the land, who were of old, as thou goest to Shur, even unto the land of Egypt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.803/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:726`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 27:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.27.7/) - next →: [1 Samuel 27:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.27.9/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/27/)