--- title: 1 Samuel 28:1 — And it came to pass in those days, that the Philistines gathered the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass in those days, that the Philistines gathered their hosts together for warfare, to fight with Israel. And Achish said unto David: 'Know thou assuredly, that thou shalt go out with me in the host, thou and thy men.' Who acts: it, Philistines, Achish, thou. 1 Samuel 28:1 in Hebrew w --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/28/) / 28:1 # 1 Samuel 28:1 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** it, Philistines, Achish, thou · **What happens:** come, pass, gather, fight, say, know · **To what, where:** hosts, host · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 28:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — it, Philistines, Achish, thou — and what happens in the verse to hosts, host, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַֽיְהִי֙ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם וַיִּקְבְּצ֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֤ים אֶת־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶם֙ לַצָּבָ֔א לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אָכִישׁ֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד יָדֹ֣עַ תֵּדַ֗ע כִּ֤י אִתִּי֙ תֵּצֵ֣א בַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה אַתָּ֖ה וַאֲנָשֶֽׁיךָ׃ [And it came to pass in those days, that the Philistines gathered their hosts together for warfare, to fight with Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.809/) [And Achish said unto David: 'Know thou assuredly, that thou shalt go out with me in the host, thou and thy men.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.810/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:731 # text = וַֽיְהִי֙ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם וַיִּקְבְּצ֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֤ים אֶת־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶם֙ לַצָּבָ֔א לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אָכִישׁ֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד יָדֹ֣עַ תֵּדַ֗ע כִּ֤י אִתִּי֙ תֵּצֵ֣א בַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה אַתָּ֖ה וַאֲנָשֶֽׁיךָ׃ # verse = 1SA.28.1 1-2 וַֽיְהִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:1!1|MId=o090280010011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִי֙ הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=1SA_28:1!1|MId=o090280010012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-5 בַּיָּמִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_28:1!2|MId=o090280010021|Strong=0871a 4 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_28:1!2|MId=o090280010021ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 יָּמִ֣ים יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=days|Ref=1SA_28:1!2|MId=o090280010022|Strong=3117 6-7 הָהֵ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_28:1!3|MId=o090280010031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 הֵ֔ם הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 det _ Gloss=those|Ref=1SA_28:1!3|MId=o090280010032|Strong=1992|Type=personal 8-9 וַיִּקְבְּצ֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:1!4|MId=o090280010041|Strong=2050b 9 יִּקְבְּצ֨וּ קָבַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.gathered.together|Ref=1SA_28:1!4|MId=o090280010042|Strong=6908|Frame=A0:090280010051;A1:090280010071;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 פְלִשְׁתִּ֤ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_28:1!5|MId=o090280010051|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 11 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_28:1!6|MId=o090280010061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 מַֽחֲנֵיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 מַֽחֲנֵי מַחֲנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 9 obj _ Gloss=armies|Ref=1SA_28:1!7|MId=o090280010071|Strong=4264 13 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=1SA_28:1!7|MId=o090280010072|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 14-16 לַצָּבָ֔א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_28:1!8|MId=o090280010081|Strong=3807a 15 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_28:1!8|MId=o090280010081ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 צָּבָ֔א צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=war|Ref=1SA_28:1!8|MId=o090280010082|Strong=6635 17-18 לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_28:1!9|MId=o090280010091|Strong=3807a 18 הִלָּחֵ֖ם לָחַם VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 9 advcl _ Gloss=fight|Ref=1SA_28:1!9|MId=o090280010092|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:090280010051;|Type=infinitive_construct 19-20 בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=1SA_28:1!10|MId=o090280010101|Strong=0871a 20 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 18 obl _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1SA_28:1!10|MId=o090280010102|Strong=3478 21-22 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:1!11|MId=o090280010111|Strong=2050b 22 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_28:1!11|MId=o090280010112|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090280010121;|Type=wayyiqtol 23 אָכִישׁ֙ אָכִישׁ PROPN _ _ 22 nsubj _ Gloss=Achish|Ref=1SA_28:1!12|MId=o090280010121|Strong=0397 24 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_28:1!13|MId=o090280010131|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 25 דָּוִ֔ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 22 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_28:1!14|MId=o090280010141|Strong=1732 26 יָדֹ֣עַ יָדַע VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 27 obl:npmod _ Gloss=surely.(know)|Ref=1SA_28:1!15|MId=o090280010151|Strong=3045|Type=infinitive_absolute 27 תֵּדַ֗ע יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 22 ccomp _ Gloss=you.will.know|Ref=1SA_28:1!16|MId=o090280010161|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:090280010141;A1:090280010191;|Type=yiqtol 28 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 31 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1SA_28:1!17|MId=o090280010171|Strong=3588 29-30 אִתִּי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_28:1!18|MId=o090280010181|Strong=0854 30 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 31 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_28:1!18|MId=o090280010182|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 31 תֵּצֵ֣א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 27 ccomp _ Gloss=you.will.go.out|Ref=1SA_28:1!19|MId=o090280010191|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:090280010211;090280010222;|Type=yiqtol 32-34 בַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 בַֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_28:1!20|MId=o090280010201|Strong=0871a 33 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_28:1!20|MId=o090280010201ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 מַּחֲנֶ֔ה מַחֲנֶה NOUN _ Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=camp|Ref=1SA_28:1!20|MId=o090280010202|Strong=4264 35 אַתָּ֖ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_28:1!21|MId=o090280010211|Strong=0859|Type=personal 36-38 וַאֲנָשֶֽׁיךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:1!22|MId=o090280010221|Strong=2050b 37 אֲנָשֶֽׁי אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 35 conj _ Gloss=men|Ref=1SA_28:1!22|MId=o090280010222|Strong=0376 38 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_28:1!22|MId=o090280010223|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 39 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=1SA_28:1!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - indirect: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּקְבְּצוּ *they gathered together* | wayyiqtol · qal | פְלִשְׁתִּים *\[the\] Philistines* | מַֽחֲנֵי *armies* | | | | הִלָּחֵם *fight* | infinitive construct · niphal | פְלִשְׁתִּים *\[the\] Philistines* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אָכִישׁ *Achish* | | | | | תֵּדַע *you will know* | yiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | תֵּצֵא *you will go out* | | | | תֵּצֵא *you will go out* | yiqtol · qal | אַתָּה *you* + אֲנָשֶֽׁי *men* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה בְּיוֹמַיָא הָאִינוּן וּכְנָשׁוּ פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי יַת מַשִׁירְיַתְהוֹן לְחֵילָא לְאַגָחָא קְרָבָא בְיִשְׂרָאֵל וַאֲמַר אָכִישׁ לְדָוִד מִדַע תֵּדַע אֲרֵי עִמִי תִּפּוֹק בְּמַשְׁרִיָתָא אַתְּ וְגַבְרָךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass in those days, that the Philistines gathered their hosts together for warfare, to fight with Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.809/) 2. [And Achish said unto David: 'Know thou assuredly, that thou shalt go out with me in the host, thou and thy men.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.810/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:731`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 27:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.27.12/) - next →: [1 Samuel 28:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.2/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/28/)