--- title: 1 Samuel 28:14 — And he said unto her: 'What form is he of?' And she said: 'An old ma… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he said unto her: 'What form is he of?' And she said: 'An old man cometh up; and he is covered with a robe.' And Saul perceived that it was Samuel, and he bowed with his face to the ground, and prostrated himself. Who acts: king, woman, old man, Saul. 1 Samuel 28:14 in Hebrew with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/28/) / 28:14 # 1 Samuel 28:14 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** king, woman, old man, Saul, robe · **What happens:** say, be, come up, cover, perceive, bow · **To what, where:** king, Samuel, Saul · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 28:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, woman, old man, Saul, robe — and what happens in the verse to king, Samuel, Saul, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהּ֙ מַֽה־תָּאֳר֔וֹ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר אִ֤ישׁ זָקֵן֙ עֹלֶ֔ה וְה֥וּא עֹטֶ֖ה מְעִ֑יל וַיֵּ֤דַע שָׁאוּל֙ כִּֽי־שְׁמוּאֵ֣ל ה֔וּא וַיִּקֹּ֥ד אַפַּ֛יִם אַ֖רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃ס [And he said unto her: 'What form is he of?' And she said: 'An old man cometh up; and he is covered with a robe.' And Saul perceived that it was Samuel, and he bowed with his face to the ground, and prostrated himself.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.824/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:744 # text = וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהּ֙ מַֽה־תָּאֳר֔וֹ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר אִ֤ישׁ זָקֵן֙ עֹלֶ֔ה וְה֥וּא עֹטֶ֖ה מְעִ֑יל וַיֵּ֤דַע שָׁאוּל֙ כִּֽי־שְׁמוּאֵ֣ל ה֔וּא וַיִּקֹּ֥ד אַפַּ֛יִם אַ֖רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃ס # verse = 1SA.28.14 1-2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:14!1|MId=o090280140011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_28:14!1|MId=o090280140012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090280130121;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לָהּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_28:14!2|MId=o090280140021|Strong=3807a 4 ָהּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=her|Ref=1SA_28:14!2|MId=o090280140022|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 5 מַֽה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 2 ccomp _ Gloss=what?|Ref=1SA_28:14!3|MId=o090280140031|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 תָּאֳר֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 תָּאֳר תֹּאַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=appearance|Ref=1SA_28:14!4|MId=o090280140041|Strong=8389 7 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[is].his|Ref=1SA_28:14!4|MId=o090280140042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8-9 וַתֹּ֗אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:14!5|MId=o090280140051|Strong=2050b 9 תֹּ֗אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.said|Ref=1SA_28:14!5|MId=o090280140052|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090280130102;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 אִ֤ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=1SA_28:14!6|MId=o090280140061|Strong=0376 11 זָקֵן֙ זָקֵן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 amod _ Gloss=old|Ref=1SA_28:14!7|MId=o090280140071|Strong=2205|Type=adjective 12 עֹלֶ֔ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 9 ccomp _ Gloss=[is].coming.up|Ref=1SA_28:14!8|MId=o090280140081|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:090280140061;|Type=participle_active 13-14 וְה֥וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:14!9|MId=o090280140091|Strong=2050b 14 ה֥וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_28:14!9|MId=o090280140092|Strong=1931|Type=personal 15 עֹטֶ֖ה עָטָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=[is].wrapped|Ref=1SA_28:14!10|MId=o090280140101|Strong=5844|Frame=A0:090280140092;A1:090280140111;|Type=participle_active 16 מְעִ֑יל מְעִיל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=a.robe|Ref=1SA_28:14!11|MId=o090280140111|Strong=4598 17-18 וַיֵּ֤דַע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:14!12|MId=o090280140121|Strong=2050b 18 יֵּ֤דַע יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.knew|Ref=1SA_28:14!12|MId=o090280140122|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:090280140131;A1:090280140151;|Type=wayyiqtol 19 שָׁאוּל֙ שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 18 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_28:14!13|MId=o090280140131|Strong=7586 20 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1SA_28:14!14|MId=o090280140141|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 21 שְׁמוּאֵ֣ל שְׁמוּאֵל PROPN _ _ 18 ccomp _ Gloss=[was].Samuel|Ref=1SA_28:14!15|MId=o090280140151|Strong=8050 22 ה֔וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=1SA_28:14!16|MId=o090280140161|Strong=1931|Type=personal 23-24 וַיִּקֹּ֥ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:14!17|MId=o090280140171|Strong=2050b 24 יִּקֹּ֥ד קָדַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.bowed.low|Ref=1SA_28:14!17|MId=o090280140172|Strong=6915|Frame=A0:090280140131;A1:090280140181;|Type=wayyiqtol 25 אַפַּ֛יִם אַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 24 obj _ Gloss=face|Ref=1SA_28:14!18|MId=o090280140181|Strong=0639 26-27 אַ֖רְצָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 אַ֖רְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=ground|Ref=1SA_28:14!19|MId=o090280140191|Strong=0776 27 ָה ה X _ _ 26 nmod _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=1SA_28:14!19|MId=o090280140192|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 28-29 וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:14!20|MId=o090280140201|Strong=2050b 29 יִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ חוה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.bowed.down|Ref=1SA_28:14!20|MId=o090280140202|Strong=7812a|Frame=A0:090280140131;|Type=wayyiqtol 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=1SA_28:14!20|SpaceAfter=No 31 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=1SA_28:14!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | תֹּאמֶר *she said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | עֹלֶה *\[is\] coming up* | participle active · qal | אִישׁ *a man* | | | | | עֹטֶה *\[is\] wrapped* | participle active · qal | הוּא *he* | מְעִיל *a robe* | | | | יֵּדַע *he knew* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | שְׁמוּאֵל *\[was\] Samuel* | | | | יִּקֹּד *he bowed low* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | אַפַּיִם *face* | | | | יִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ *he bowed down* | wayyiqtol · hithpael | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר לָהּ מֶה חֶזְוֵיהּ וַאֲמַרַת גַבְרָא סָבָא סְלִיק וְהוּא עַטִיף מְעִילָא וִידַע שָׁאוּל אֲרֵי שְׁמוּאֵל הוּא וּכְרַע עַל אַפּוֹהִי עַל אַרְעָא וּסְגִיד: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he said unto her: 'What form is he of?' And she said: 'An old man cometh up; and he is covered with a robe.' And Saul perceived that it was Samuel, and he bowed with his face to the ground, and prostrated himself.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.824/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:744`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 28:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.13/) - next →: [1 Samuel 28:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.15/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/28/)