--- title: 1 Samuel 28:15 — And Samuel said to Saul: 'Why hast thou disquieted me, to bring me u… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Samuel said to Saul: 'Why hast thou disquieted me, to bring me up?' And Saul answered: 'I am sore distressed; for the Philistines make war against me, and God is departed from me, and answereth me no more, neither by prophets, nor by dreams; therefore I have called thee, that thou mayest make kn --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/28/) / 28:15 # 1 Samuel 28:15 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Samuel, thou, Saul, I, Philistines · **What happens:** say, disquiet, bring up, answer, be, make · **To what, where:** Saul, me, war, God, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 28:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Samuel, thou, Saul, I, Philistines — and what happens in the verse to Saul, me, war, God, thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל לָ֥מָּה הִרְגַּזְתַּ֖נִי לְהַעֲל֣וֹת אֹתִ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁ֠אוּל צַר־לִ֨י מְאֹ֜ד וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֣ים ׀ נִלְחָמִ֣ים בִּ֗י וֵֽאלֹהִ֞ים סָ֤ר מֵֽעָלַי֙ וְלֹֽא־עָנָ֣נִי ע֗וֹד גַּ֤ם בְּיַֽד־הַנְּבִיאִם֙ גַּם־בַּ֣חֲלֹמ֔וֹת וָאֶקְרָאֶ֣ה לְךָ֔ לְהוֹדִיעֵ֖נִי מָ֥ה אֶעֱשֶֽׂה׃ס [And Samuel said to Saul: 'Why hast thou disquieted me, to bring me up?' And Saul answered: 'I am sore distressed; for the Philistines make war against me, and God is departed from me, and answereth me no more, neither by prophets, nor by dreams; therefore I have called thee, that thou mayest make known unto me what I shall do.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.825/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:745 # text = וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל לָ֥מָּה הִרְגַּזְתַּ֖נִי לְהַעֲל֣וֹת אֹתִ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁ֠אוּל צַר־לִ֨י מְאֹ֜ד וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֣ים ׀ נִלְחָמִ֣ים בִּ֗י וֵֽאלֹהִ֞ים סָ֤ר מֵֽעָלַי֙ וְלֹֽא־עָנָ֣נִי ע֗וֹד גַּ֤ם בְּיַֽד־הַנְּבִיאִם֙ גַּם־בַּ֣חֲלֹמ֔וֹת וָאֶקְרָאֶ֣ה לְךָ֔ לְהוֹדִיעֵ֖נִי מָ֥ה אֶעֱשֶֽׂה׃ס # verse = 1SA.28.15 1-2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:15!1|MId=o090280150011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_28:15!1|MId=o090280150012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090280150021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שְׁמוּאֵל֙ שְׁמוּאֵל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Samuel|Ref=1SA_28:15!2|MId=o090280150021|Strong=8050 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_28:15!3|MId=o090280150031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 שָׁא֔וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_28:15!4|MId=o090280150041|Strong=7586 6-7 לָ֥מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לָ֥ לָמָה ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_28:15!5|MId=o090280150051|Strong=3807a 7 מָּה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 8 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=1SA_28:15!5|MId=o090280150052|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 8-9 הִרְגַּזְתַּ֖נִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הִרְגַּזְתַּ֖ רָגַז VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=have|Ref=1SA_28:15!6|MId=o090280150061|Strong=7264|Frame=AA:090280150041;A0:090280150062;|Type=qatal 9 נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ Gloss=you.disturbed.me|Ref=1SA_28:15!6|MId=o090280150062|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 10-11 לְהַעֲל֣וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=1SA_28:15!7|MId=o090280150071|Strong=3807a 11 הַעֲל֣וֹת עָלָה VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 8 advcl _ Gloss=bringing.up|Ref=1SA_28:15!7|MId=o090280150072|Strong=5927|Frame=AA:090280150041;A0:090280150082;|Type=infinitive_construct 12-13 אֹתִ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_28:15!8|MId=o090280150081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 13 ִ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_28:15!8|MId=o090280150082|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 14-15 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:15!9|MId=o090280150091|Strong=2050b 15 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_28:15!9|MId=o090280150092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090280150101;|Type=wayyiqtol 16 שָׁ֠אוּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 15 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_28:15!10|MId=o090280150101|Strong=7586 17 צַר־ צָרַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 ccomp _ Gloss=it.is.distress|Ref=1SA_28:15!11|MId=o090280150111|Strong=6887|Frame=A0:;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 לִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 ל לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_28:15!12|MId=o090280150121|Strong=3807a 19 ִ֨י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_28:15!12|MId=o090280150122|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 20 מְאֹ֜ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=exceedingly|Ref=1SA_28:15!13|MId=o090280150131|Strong=3966 21-22 וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=1SA_28:15!14|MId=o090280150141|Strong=2050b 22 פְלִשְׁתִּ֣ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ Gloss=Philistines|Ref=1SA_28:15!14|MId=o090280150142|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 23 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=1SA_28:15!14 24 נִלְחָמִ֣ים לָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 17 conj _ Gloss=[are].fighting|Ref=1SA_28:15!15|MId=o090280150151|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:090280150142;|Type=participle_active 25-26 בִּ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=1SA_28:15!16|MId=o090280150161|Strong=0871a 26 ִ֗י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_28:15!16|MId=o090280150162|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 27-28 וֵֽאלֹהִ֞ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וֵֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:15!17|MId=o090280150171|Strong=2050b 28 אלֹהִ֞ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=1SA_28:15!17|MId=o090280150172|Strong=0430 29 סָ֤ר סוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 conj _ Gloss=he.has.turned.aside|Ref=1SA_28:15!18|MId=o090280150181|Strong=5493|Frame=A0:090280150172;|Type=qatal 30-32 מֵֽעָלַי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_28:15!19|MId=o090280150191|Strong=4480 31 עָל עַל ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_28:15!19|MId=o090280150192|Strong=5921 32 ַי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 29 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_28:15!19|MId=o090280150193|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 33-34 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:15!20|MId=o090280150201|Strong=2050b 34 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 35 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_28:15!20|MId=o090280150202|Strong=3808|Type=negative 35-36 עָנָ֣נִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 עָנ עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_28:15!21|MId=o090280150211|Strong=6030|Frame=A0:090280150172;A1:090280150212;|Type=qatal 36 ָ֣נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 35 obj _ Gloss=has.answered.me|Ref=1SA_28:15!21|MId=o090280150212|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 37 ע֗וֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 35 advmod _ Gloss=yet|Ref=1SA_28:15!22|MId=o090280150221|Strong=5750 38 גַּ֤ם גַּם ADV _ _ 40 advmod _ Gloss=neither|Ref=1SA_28:15!23|MId=o090280150231|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 39-40 בְּיַֽד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=1SA_28:15!24|MId=o090280150241|Strong=0871a 40 יַֽד־ יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 35 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=1SA_28:15!24|MId=o090280150242|Strong=3027 41-42 הַנְּבִיאִם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 42 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=1SA_28:15!25|MId=o090280150251|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 42 נְּבִיאִם֙ נָבִיא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 40 compound:smixut _ Gloss=prophets|Ref=1SA_28:15!25|MId=o090280150252|Strong=5030 43 גַּם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 46 advmod _ Gloss=nor|Ref=1SA_28:15!26|MId=o090280150261|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation|SpaceAfter=No 44-46 בַּ֣חֲלֹמ֔וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 בַּ֣ בְּ ADP _ _ 46 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=1SA_28:15!27|MId=o090280150271|Strong=0871a 45 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 46 det _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_28:15!27|MId=o090280150271ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 46 חֲלֹמ֔וֹת חֲלוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 40 conj _ Gloss=dreams|Ref=1SA_28:15!27|MId=o090280150272|Strong=2472 47-49 וָאֶקְרָאֶ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 48 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:15!28|MId=o090280150281|Strong=2050b 48 אֶקְרָא קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=1SA_28:15!28|MId=o090280150282|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:090280150101;|Type=wayyiqtol 49 ֶ֣ה ה X _ _ 48 nmod _ Gloss=have.summoned|Ref=1SA_28:15!28|MId=o090280150283|Strong=1886j|Type=directional_he 50-51 לְךָ֔ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 ל לְ ADP _ _ 51 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=1SA_28:15!29|MId=o090280150291|Strong=3807a 51 ְךָ֔ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 48 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_28:15!29|MId=o090280150292|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 52-54 לְהוֹדִיעֵ֖נִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 53 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_28:15!30|MId=o090280150301|Strong=3807a 53 הוֹדִיע יָדַע VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 48 advcl _ Gloss=make|Ref=1SA_28:15!30|MId=o090280150302|Strong=3045|Frame=AA:090280150021;A0:090280150303;A1:090280150321;|Type=infinitive_construct 54 ֵ֖נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 53 obj _ Gloss=known.to.me|Ref=1SA_28:15!30|MId=o090280150303|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 55 מָ֥ה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 56 obj _ Gloss=what?|Ref=1SA_28:15!31|MId=o090280150311|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 56 אֶעֱשֶֽׂה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 53 xcomp _ Gloss=will.I.do|Ref=1SA_28:15!32|MId=o090280150321|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:090280150101;A1:090280150311;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 57 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 56 punct _ Ref=1SA_28:15!32|SpaceAfter=No 58 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 56 punct _ Ref=1SA_28:15!32 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | שְׁמוּאֵל *Samuel* | | | | | הִרְגַּזְתַּ *have* | qatal · hiphil | נִי *you disturbed me* | | | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | הַעֲלוֹת *bringing up* | infinitive construct · hiphil | ִי *me* | | | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | צַר־ *it is distress* | qatal · qal | | | | | | נִלְחָמִים *\[are\] fighting* | participle active · niphal | פְלִשְׁתִּים *Philistines* | | | | | סָר *he has turned aside* | qatal · qal | אלֹהִים *God* | | | | | **not** עָנ *he* | qatal · qal | אלֹהִים *God* | ָנִי *has answered me* | | | | אֶקְרָא *I* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | הוֹדִיע *make* | infinitive construct · hiphil | ֵנִי *known to me* | אֶעֱשֶֽׂה *will I do* | | שְׁמוּאֵל *Samuel* | | אֶעֱשֶֽׂה *will I do* | yiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | מָה *what?* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר שְׁמוּאֵל לְשָׁאוּל לְמָה אַזְעַתָּנִי לְאַסָקָא יָתִי וַאֲמַר שָׁאוּל עָקַת לִי לַחֲדָא וּפְלִשְׁתָּאֵי מְגִיחִין קְרָבָא בִּי וּמֵימְרָא דַייָ רָחִיק יָתִי וְלָא קַבֵּיל צְלוֹתִי עוֹד אַף בְּיַד סַפְרַיָא אַף בְּחֶלְמַיָא וּקְרֵית לָךְ לְהוֹדָעוּתַנִי מֶה אַעְבֵּיד: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Samuel said to Saul: 'Why hast thou disquieted me, to bring me up?' And Saul answered: 'I am sore distressed; for the Philistines make war against me, and God is departed from me, and answereth me no more, neither by prophets, nor by dreams; therefore I have called thee, that thou mayest make known unto me what I shall do.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.825/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:745`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 28:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.14/) - next →: [1 Samuel 28:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.16/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/28/)