--- title: 1 Samuel 28:20 — Then Saul fell straightway his full length upon the earth, and was s… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then Saul fell straightway his full length upon the earth, and was sore afraid, because of the words of Samuel; and there was no strength in him; for he had eaten no bread all the day, nor all the night. Who acts: Saul, strength. 1 Samuel 28:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JP --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/28/) / 28:20 # 1 Samuel 28:20 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Saul, strength · **What happens:** fall, be, eat, word · **To what, where:** full length, bread, Samuel This is 1 Samuel 28:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, strength — and what happens in the verse to full length, bread, Samuel, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְמַהֵ֣ר שָׁא֗וּל וַיִּפֹּ֤ל מְלֹא־קֽוֹמָתוֹ֙ אַ֔רְצָה וַיִּרָ֥א מְאֹ֖ד מִדִּבְרֵ֣י שְׁמוּאֵ֑ל גַּם־כֹּ֙חַ֙ לֹא־הָ֣יָה ב֔וֹ כִּ֣י לֹ֤א אָכַל֙ לֶ֔חֶם כָּל־הַיּ֖וֹם וְכָל־הַלָּֽיְלָה׃ [Then Saul fell straightway his full length upon the earth, and was sore afraid, because of the words of Samuel; and there was no strength in him; for he had eaten no bread all the day, nor all the night.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.830/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:750 # text = וַיְמַהֵ֣ר שָׁא֗וּל וַיִּפֹּ֤ל מְלֹא־קֽוֹמָתוֹ֙ אַ֔רְצָה וַיִּרָ֥א מְאֹ֖ד מִדִּבְרֵ֣י שְׁמוּאֵ֑ל גַּם־כֹּ֙חַ֙ לֹא־הָ֣יָה ב֔וֹ כִּ֣י לֹ֤א אָכַל֙ לֶ֔חֶם כָּל־הַיּ֖וֹם וְכָל־הַלָּֽיְלָה׃ # verse = 1SA.28.20 1-2 וַיְמַהֵ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:20!1|MId=o090280200011|Strong=2050b 2 יְמַהֵ֣ר מָהַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.made.haste|Ref=1SA_28:20!1|MId=o090280200012|Strong=4116|Frame=A0:090280200021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שָׁא֗וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_28:20!2|MId=o090280200021|Strong=7586 4-5 וַיִּפֹּ֤ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:20!3|MId=o090280200031|Strong=2050b 5 יִּפֹּ֤ל נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.fell|Ref=1SA_28:20!3|MId=o090280200032|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:090280200041;|Type=wayyiqtol 6 מְלֹא־ מְלֹא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=the.fullness|Ref=1SA_28:20!4|MId=o090280200041|Strong=4393|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 קֽוֹמָתוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 קֽוֹמָת קוֹמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.stature|Ref=1SA_28:20!5|MId=o090280200051|Strong=6967 8 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_28:20!5|MId=o090280200052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 9-10 אַ֔רְצָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אַ֔רְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=ground|Ref=1SA_28:20!6|MId=o090280200061|Strong=0776 10 ָה ה X _ _ 9 nmod _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=1SA_28:20!6|MId=o090280200062|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 11-12 וַיִּרָ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:20!7|MId=o090280200071|Strong=2050b 12 יִּרָ֥א יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.was.afraid|Ref=1SA_28:20!7|MId=o090280200072|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:090280200021;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 מְאֹ֖ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=exceedingly|Ref=1SA_28:20!8|MId=o090280200081|Strong=3966 14-15 מִדִּבְרֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_28:20!9|MId=o090280200091|Strong=4480 15 דִּבְרֵ֣י דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=the.words|Ref=1SA_28:20!9|MId=o090280200092|Strong=1697 16 שְׁמוּאֵ֑ל שְׁמוּאֵל PROPN _ _ 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Samuel|Ref=1SA_28:20!10|MId=o090280200101|Strong=8050 17 גַּם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=1SA_28:20!11|MId=o090280200111|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation|SpaceAfter=No 18 כֹּ֙חַ֙ כֹּחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ Gloss=strength|Ref=1SA_28:20!12|MId=o090280200121|Strong=3581 19 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 22 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_28:20!13|MId=o090280200131|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 20 הָ֣יָה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 22 cop _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=1SA_28:20!14|MId=o090280200141|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090280200121;|Type=qatal 21-22 ב֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_28:20!15|MId=o090280200151|Strong=0871a 22 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 parataxis _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_28:20!15|MId=o090280200152|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_28:20!16|MId=o090280200161|Strong=3588 24 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 25 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_28:20!17|MId=o090280200171|Strong=3808|Type=negative 25 אָכַל֙ אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=he.had.eaten|Ref=1SA_28:20!18|MId=o090280200181|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:090280200021;A1:090280200191;|Type=qatal 26 לֶ֔חֶם לֶחֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 25 obj _ Gloss=food|Ref=1SA_28:20!19|MId=o090280200191|Strong=3899 27 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_28:20!20|MId=o090280200201|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 28-29 הַיּ֖וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_28:20!21|MId=o090280200211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 יּ֖וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=day|Ref=1SA_28:20!21|MId=o090280200212|Strong=3117 30-31 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:20!22|MId=o090280200221|Strong=2050b 31 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_28:20!22|MId=o090280200222|Strong=3605 32-33 הַלָּֽיְלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_28:20!23|MId=o090280200231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 לָּֽיְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=night|Ref=1SA_28:20!23|MId=o090280200232|Strong=3915 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=1SA_28:20!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְמַהֵר *he made haste* | wayyiqtol · piel | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | יִּפֹּל *he fell* | wayyiqtol · qal | מְלֹא־ *the fullness* | | | | | יִּרָא *he was afraid* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | הָיָה *it was* | qatal · qal | כֹּחַ *strength* | | | | | **not** אָכַל *he had eaten* | qatal · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | לֶחֶם *food* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאוֹחֵי שָׁאוּל וּנְפַל מְלֵי קוֹמָתֵיהּ לְאַרְעָא וּדְחִיל לַחֲדָא מִפִּתְגָמֵי שְׁמוּאֵל אַף חֵילָא לָא הֲוָה בֵיהּ אֲרֵי לָא אֲכָל לַחְמָא כָּל יוֹמָא וְכָל לֵילְיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then Saul fell straightway his full length upon the earth, and was sore afraid, because of the words of Samuel; and there was no strength in him; for he had eaten no bread all the day, nor all the night.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.830/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:750`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 28:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.19/) - next →: [1 Samuel 28:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.21/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/28/)