--- title: 1 Samuel 28:21 — And the woman came unto Saul, and saw that he was sore affrighted, a… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the woman came unto Saul, and saw that he was sore affrighted, and said unto him: 'Behold, thy handmaid hath hearkened unto thy voice, and I have put my life in my hand, and have hearkened unto thy words which thou spokest unto me. Who acts: woman, handmaid, I, thou. 1 Samuel 28:21 in Hebrew wit --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/28/) / 28:21 # 1 Samuel 28:21 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** woman, handmaid, I, thou, thy · **What happens:** come, see, affright, say, hearken, put · **To what, where:** Saul, life, hand, words · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 28:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — woman, handmaid, I, thou, thy — and what happens in the verse to Saul, life, hand, words, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתָּב֤וֹא הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וַתֵּ֖רֶא כִּי־נִבְהַ֣ל מְאֹ֑ד וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו הִנֵּ֨ה שָׁמְעָ֤ה שִׁפְחָֽתְךָ֙ בְּקוֹלֶ֔ךָ וָאָשִׂ֤ים נַפְשִׁי֙ בְּכַפִּ֔י וָֽאֶשְׁמַע֙ אֶת־דְּבָרֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ אֵלָֽי׃ [And the woman came unto Saul, and saw that he was sore affrighted, and said unto him: 'Behold, thy handmaid hath hearkened unto thy voice, and I have put my life in my hand, and have hearkened unto thy words which thou spokest unto me.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.831/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:751 # text = וַתָּב֤וֹא הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וַתֵּ֖רֶא כִּי־נִבְהַ֣ל מְאֹ֑ד וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו הִנֵּ֨ה שָׁמְעָ֤ה שִׁפְחָֽתְךָ֙ בְּקוֹלֶ֔ךָ וָאָשִׂ֤ים נַפְשִׁי֙ בְּכַפִּ֔י וָֽאֶשְׁמַע֙ אֶת־דְּבָרֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ אֵלָֽי׃ # verse = 1SA.28.21 1-2 וַתָּב֤וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:21!1|MId=o090280210011|Strong=2050b 2 תָּב֤וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=she.came|Ref=1SA_28:21!1|MId=o090280210012|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090280210022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_28:21!2|MId=o090280210021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 אִשָּׁה֙ אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=woman|Ref=1SA_28:21!2|MId=o090280210022|Strong=0802 5 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_28:21!3|MId=o090280210031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 6 שָׁא֔וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_28:21!4|MId=o090280210041|Strong=7586 7-8 וַתֵּ֖רֶא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:21!5|MId=o090280210051|Strong=2050b 8 תֵּ֖רֶא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.saw|Ref=1SA_28:21!5|MId=o090280210052|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:090280210022;A1:090280210071;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=1SA_28:21!6|MId=o090280210061|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 10 נִבְהַ֣ל בָּהַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 ccomp _ Gloss=he.was.terrified|Ref=1SA_28:21!7|MId=o090280210071|Strong=0926|Frame=A0:090280210041;|Type=qatal 11 מְאֹ֑ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=exceedingly|Ref=1SA_28:21!8|MId=o090280210081|Strong=3966 12-13 וַתֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:21!9|MId=o090280210091|Strong=2050b 13 תֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.said|Ref=1SA_28:21!9|MId=o090280210092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090280210022;|Type=wayyiqtol 14-15 אֵלָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 אֵלָ֗י אֶל ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_28:21!10|MId=o090280210101|Strong=0413 15 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_28:21!10|MId=o090280210102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 16 הִנֵּ֨ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 17 discourse _ Gloss=here!|Ref=1SA_28:21!11|MId=o090280210111|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 17 שָׁמְעָ֤ה שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 ccomp _ Gloss=she.has.listened|Ref=1SA_28:21!12|MId=o090280210121|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:090280210131;|Type=qatal 18-19 שִׁפְחָֽתְךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 שִׁפְחָֽת שִׁפְחָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=maidservant|Ref=1SA_28:21!13|MId=o090280210131|Strong=8198 19 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_28:21!13|MId=o090280210132|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 20-22 בְּקוֹלֶ֔ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_28:21!14|MId=o090280210141|Strong=0871a 21 קוֹל קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=voice|Ref=1SA_28:21!14|MId=o090280210142|Strong=6963 22 ֶ֔ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_28:21!14|MId=o090280210143|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 23-24 וָאָשִׂ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:21!15|MId=o090280210151|Strong=2050b 24 אָשִׂ֤ים שׂים VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.have.put|Ref=1SA_28:21!15|MId=o090280210152|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:090280210131;A1:090280210161;|Type=wayyiqtol 25-26 נַפְשִׁי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 24 obj _ Gloss=life|Ref=1SA_28:21!16|MId=o090280210161|Strong=5315 26 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_28:21!16|MId=o090280210162|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 27-29 בְּכַפִּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_28:21!17|MId=o090280210171|Strong=0871a 28 כַפּ כַּף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=palm|Ref=1SA_28:21!17|MId=o090280210172|Strong=3709 29 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=1SA_28:21!17|MId=o090280210173|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 30-31 וָֽאֶשְׁמַע֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וָֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:21!18|MId=o090280210181|Strong=2050b 31 אֶשְׁמַע֙ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.have.listened.to|Ref=1SA_28:21!18|MId=o090280210182|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:090280210131;A1:090280210201;|Type=wayyiqtol 32 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_28:21!19|MId=o090280210191|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 33-34 דְּבָרֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 דְּבָרֶ֔י דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 31 obj _ Gloss=words|Ref=1SA_28:21!20|MId=o090280210201|Strong=1697 34 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=1SA_28:21!20|MId=o090280210202|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 35 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 36 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1SA_28:21!21|MId=o090280210211|Strong=0834|Type=relative 36 דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 33 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.have.spoken|Ref=1SA_28:21!22|MId=o090280210221|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:090280210041;A1:090280210201;|Type=qatal 37-38 אֵלָֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_28:21!23|MId=o090280210231|Strong=0413 38 ָֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 36 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_28:21!23|MId=o090280210232|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 39 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=1SA_28:21!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תָּבוֹא *she came* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִשָּׁה *woman* | | | | | תֵּרֶא *she saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִשָּׁה *woman* | נִבְהַל *he was terrified* | | | | נִבְהַל *he was terrified* | qatal · niphal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | תֹּאמֶר *she said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִשָּׁה *woman* | | | | | שָׁמְעָה *she has listened* | qatal · qal | שִׁפְחָֽת *maidservant* | | | | | אָשִׂים *I have put* | wayyiqtol · qal | שִׁפְחָֽת *maidservant* | נַפְשׁ *life* | | | | אֶשְׁמַע *I have listened to* | wayyiqtol · qal | שִׁפְחָֽת *maidservant* | דְּבָרֶי *words* | | | | דִּבַּרְתָּ *you have spoken* | qatal · piel | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | דְּבָרֶי *words* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאָתַת אִתְּתָא לְוַת שָׁאוּל וַחֲזַת אֲרֵי אִתְבָהֵיל לַחֲדָא וַאֲמַרַת לֵיהּ הָא קַבִּילַת אַמְתָךְ מִנָךְ וּמְסָרִית נַפְשִׁי כְּעַל גַב לְאִתְקְטָלָא וּשְׁמָעִית יַת פִּתְגָמָךְ דְמַלֵילְתָּא עִמִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the woman came unto Saul, and saw that he was sore affrighted, and said unto him: 'Behold, thy handmaid hath hearkened unto thy voice, and I have put my life in my hand, and have hearkened unto thy words which thou spokest unto me.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.831/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:751`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 28:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.20/) - next →: [1 Samuel 28:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.22/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/28/)