--- title: 1 Samuel 28:23 — But he refused, and said: 'I will not eat.' But his servants, togeth… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But he refused, and said: 'I will not eat.' But his servants, together with the woman, urged him; and he hearkened unto their voice. So he arose from the earth, and sat upon the bed. Who acts: strength, I, servants. 1 Samuel 28:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/28/) / 28:23 # 1 Samuel 28:23 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** strength, I, servants · **What happens:** refuse, say, not eat, urge, hearken, arise · **To what, where:** strength, earth, bed · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 28:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — strength, I, servants — and what happens in the verse to strength, earth, bed, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְמָאֵ֗ן וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אֹכַ֔ל וַיִּפְרְצוּ־ב֤וֹ עֲבָדָיו֙ וְגַם־הָ֣אִשָּׁ֔ה וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע לְקֹלָ֑ם וַיָּ֙קָם֙ מֵֽהָאָ֔רֶץ וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב אֶל־הַמִּטָּֽה׃ [But he refused, and said: 'I will not eat.' But his servants, together with the woman, urged him; and he hearkened unto their voice.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.833/) [So he arose from the earth, and sat upon the bed.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.834/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:753 # text = וַיְמָאֵ֗ן וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אֹכַ֔ל וַיִּפְרְצוּ־ב֤וֹ עֲבָדָיו֙ וְגַם־הָ֣אִשָּׁ֔ה וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע לְקֹלָ֑ם וַיָּ֙קָם֙ מֵֽהָאָ֔רֶץ וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב אֶל־הַמִּטָּֽה׃ # verse = 1SA.28.23 1-2 וַיְמָאֵ֗ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:23!1|MId=o090280230011|Strong=2050b 2 יְמָאֵ֗ן מָאֵן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.refused|Ref=1SA_28:23!1|MId=o090280230012|Strong=3985|Frame=A0:090280210041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:23!2|MId=o090280230021|Strong=2050b 4 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_28:23!2|MId=o090280230022|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090280210041;|Type=wayyiqtol 5 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_28:23!3|MId=o090280230031|Strong=3808|Type=negative 6 אֹכַ֔ל אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 4 ccomp _ Gloss=I.will.eat|Ref=1SA_28:23!4|MId=o090280230041|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:090280210041;|Type=yiqtol 7-8 וַיִּפְרְצוּ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:23!5|MId=o090280230051|Strong=2050b 8 יִּפְרְצוּ־ פָּרַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.urged|Ref=1SA_28:23!5|MId=o090280230052|Strong=6555|Frame=A0:090280230071;090280230092;|Type=wayyiqtol 9-10 ב֤וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=1SA_28:23!6|MId=o090280230061|Strong=0871a 10 ֤וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_28:23!6|MId=o090280230062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11-12 עֲבָדָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 עֲבָדָי עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ Gloss=servants|Ref=1SA_28:23!7|MId=o090280230071|Strong=5650 12 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_28:23!7|MId=o090280230072|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 13-14 וְגַם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:23!8|MId=o090280230081|Strong=2050b 14 גַם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=1SA_28:23!8|MId=o090280230082|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 15-16 הָ֣אִשָּׁ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הָ֣ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_28:23!9|MId=o090280230091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 אִשָּׁ֔ה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=woman|Ref=1SA_28:23!9|MId=o090280230092|Strong=0802 17-18 וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:23!10|MId=o090280230101|Strong=2050b 18 יִּשְׁמַ֖ע שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.listened|Ref=1SA_28:23!10|MId=o090280230102|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:090280210041;|Type=wayyiqtol 19-21 לְקֹלָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_28:23!11|MId=o090280230111|Strong=3807a 20 קֹל קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=voice|Ref=1SA_28:23!11|MId=o090280230112|Strong=6963 21 ָ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=1SA_28:23!11|MId=o090280230113|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 22-23 וַיָּ֙קָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:23!12|MId=o090280230121|Strong=2050b 23 יָּ֙קָם֙ קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.arose|Ref=1SA_28:23!12|MId=o090280230122|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:090280210041;|Type=wayyiqtol 24-26 מֵֽהָאָ֔רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_28:23!13|MId=o090280230131|Strong=4480 25 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_28:23!13|MId=o090280230132|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 אָ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=ground|Ref=1SA_28:23!13|MId=o090280230133|Strong=0776 27-28 וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:23!14|MId=o090280230141|Strong=2050b 28 יֵּ֖שֶׁב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.sat|Ref=1SA_28:23!14|MId=o090280230142|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:090280210041;|Type=wayyiqtol 29 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_28:23!15|MId=o090280230151|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 30-31 הַמִּטָּֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_28:23!16|MId=o090280230161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 מִּטָּֽה מִטָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 28 obl _ Gloss=bed|Ref=1SA_28:23!16|MId=o090280230162|Strong=4296 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=1SA_28:23!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְמָאֵן *he refused* | wayyiqtol · piel | | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | **not** אֹכַל *I will eat* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | יִּפְרְצוּ־ *they urged* | wayyiqtol · qal | עֲבָדָי *servants* + אִשָּׁה *woman* | | | | | יִּשְׁמַע *he listened* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יָּקָם *he arose* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יֵּשֶׁב *he sat* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְסָרִיב וַאֲמַר לָא אֵכוּל וְאַתְקִיפוּ בֵיהּ עַבְדוֹהִי וְאַף אִתְּתָא וְקַבֵּיל לְמֵימְרֵיהוֹן וְקָם מֵאַרְעָא וְיָתֵיב עַל עַרְסָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But he refused, and said: 'I will not eat.' But his servants, together with the woman, urged him; and he hearkened unto their voice.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.833/) 2. [So he arose from the earth, and sat upon the bed.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.834/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:753`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 28:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.22/) - next →: [1 Samuel 28:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.24/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/28/)