--- title: 1 Samuel 28:3 — Now Samuel was dead, and all Israel had lamented him, and buried him… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now Samuel was dead, and all Israel had lamented him, and buried him in Ramah, even in his own city. And Saul had put away those that divined by a ghost or a familiar spirit out of the land. Who acts: Samuel, Israel, Saul. 1 Samuel 28:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/28/) / 28:3 # 1 Samuel 28:3 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Samuel, Israel, Saul · **What happens:** be, lament, bury, put away, divine · **To what, where:** Samuel, Ramah, those This is 1 Samuel 28:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Samuel, Israel, Saul — and what happens in the verse to Samuel, Ramah, those, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּשְׁמוּאֵ֣ל מֵ֔ת וַיִּסְפְּדוּ־לוֹ֙ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּקְבְּרֻ֥הוּ בָרָמָ֖ה וּבְעִיר֑וֹ וְשָׁא֗וּל הֵסִ֛יר הָאֹב֥וֹת וְאֶת־הַיִּדְּעֹנִ֖ים מֵהָאָֽרֶץ׃ [Now Samuel was dead, and all Israel had lamented him, and buried him in Ramah, even in his own city.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.812/) [And Saul had put away those that divined by a ghost or a familiar spirit out of the land.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.813/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:733 # text = וּשְׁמוּאֵ֣ל מֵ֔ת וַיִּסְפְּדוּ־לוֹ֙ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּקְבְּרֻ֥הוּ בָרָמָ֖ה וּבְעִיר֑וֹ וְשָׁא֗וּל הֵסִ֛יר הָאֹב֥וֹת וְאֶת־הַיִּדְּעֹנִ֖ים מֵהָאָֽרֶץ׃ # verse = 1SA.28.3 1-2 וּשְׁמוּאֵ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:3!1|MId=o090280030011|Strong=2050b 2 שְׁמוּאֵ֣ל שְׁמוּאֵל PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Samuel|Ref=1SA_28:3!1|MId=o090280030012|Strong=8050 3 מֵ֔ת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.had.died|Ref=1SA_28:3!2|MId=o090280030021|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:090280030012;|Type=qatal 4-5 וַיִּסְפְּדוּ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:3!3|MId=o090280030031|Strong=2050b 5 יִּסְפְּדוּ־ סָפַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they.had.mourned|Ref=1SA_28:3!3|MId=o090280030032|Strong=5594|Frame=A0:090280030061;|Type=wayyiqtol 6-7 לוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 ל לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_28:3!4|MId=o090280030041|Strong=3807a 7 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_28:3!4|MId=o090280030042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_28:3!5|MId=o090280030051|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 9 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=1SA_28:3!6|MId=o090280030061|Strong=3478 10-12 וַיִּקְבְּרֻ֥הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:3!7|MId=o090280030071|Strong=2050b 11 יִּקְבְּרֻ֥ קָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=1SA_28:3!7|MId=o090280030072|Strong=6912|Frame=A0:090280030061;A1:090280030073;|Type=wayyiqtol 12 הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ Gloss=had.buried.him|Ref=1SA_28:3!7|MId=o090280030073|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 13-15 בָרָמָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בָ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_28:3!8|MId=o090280030081|Strong=0871a 14 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_28:3!8|MId=o090280030081ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 רָמָ֖ה רָמָה PROPN _ _ 11 obl _ Gloss=Ramah|Ref=1SA_28:3!8|MId=o090280030082|Strong=7414 16-19 וּבְעִיר֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=(and).in|Ref=1SA_28:3!9|MId=o090280030091|Strong=2050b 17 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_28:3!9|MId=o090280030092|Strong=0871a 18 עִיר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 conj _ Gloss=own|Ref=1SA_28:3!9|MId=o090280030093|Strong=5892 19 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=city|Ref=1SA_28:3!9|MId=o090280030094|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20-21 וְשָׁא֗וּל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:3!10|MId=o090280030101|Strong=2050b 21 שָׁא֗וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 22 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_28:3!10|MId=o090280030102|Strong=7586 22 הֵסִ֛יר סוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.had.removed|Ref=1SA_28:3!11|MId=o090280030111|Strong=5493|Frame=AA:090280030102;A0:090280030122;090280030142;|Type=qatal 23-24 הָאֹב֥וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_28:3!12|MId=o090280030121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 אֹב֥וֹת אוֹב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 obj _ Gloss=necromancers|Ref=1SA_28:3!12|MId=o090280030122|Strong=0178 25-26 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:3!13|MId=o090280030131|Strong=2050b 26 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_28:3!13|MId=o090280030132|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 27-28 הַיִּדְּעֹנִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_28:3!14|MId=o090280030141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 יִּדְּעֹנִ֖ים יִדְּעֹנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 conj _ Gloss=soothsayers|Ref=1SA_28:3!14|MId=o090280030142|Strong=3049 29-31 מֵהָאָֽרֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_28:3!15|MId=o090280030151|Strong=4480 30 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_28:3!15|MId=o090280030152|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 אָֽרֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=1SA_28:3!15|MId=o090280030153|Strong=0776 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=1SA_28:3!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מֵת *he had died* | qatal · qal | שְׁמוּאֵל *Samuel* | | | | | יִּסְפְּדוּ־ *they had mourned* | wayyiqtol · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | | יִּקְבְּרֻ *they* | wayyiqtol · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | הוּ *had buried him* | | | | הֵסִיר *he had removed* | qatal · hiphil | אֹבוֹת *necromancers* + יִּדְּעֹנִים *soothsayers* | | | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁמוּאֵל מִית וּסְפָדוּ עֲלוֹהִי כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל וּקְבָרוֹהִי בְרָמָתָא וּסְפָדוּ עֲלוֹהִי אֱנָשׁ בְּקַרְתֵּיהּ וְשָׁאוּל פַּלִי יַת בִּידִין וּזְכוּרוּ מִן אַרְעָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now Samuel was dead, and all Israel had lamented him, and buried him in Ramah, even in his own city.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.812/) 2. [And Saul had put away those that divined by a ghost or a familiar spirit out of the land.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.813/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:733`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 28:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.2/) - next →: [1 Samuel 28:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.4/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/28/)