--- title: 1 Samuel 28:8 — And Saul disguised himself, and put on other raiment, and went, he a… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Saul disguised himself, and put on other raiment, and went, he and two men with him, and they came to the woman by night; and he said: 'Divine unto me, I pray thee, by a ghost, and bring me up whomsoever I shall name unto thee.' Who acts: Saul, men, I. 1 Samuel 28:8 in Hebrew with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/28/) / 28:8 # 1 Samuel 28:8 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Saul, men, I · **What happens:** disguise, put on, go, come, say, divine · **To what, where:** Saul, other raiment, thee, whomsoever, me · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 28:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul, men, I — and what happens in the verse to Saul, other raiment, thee, whomsoever, me, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּתְחַפֵּ֣שׂ שָׁא֗וּל וַיִּלְבַּשׁ֙ בְּגָדִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ ה֗וּא וּשְׁנֵ֤י אֲנָשִׁים֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֖ה לָ֑יְלָה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר קָֽסֳמִי־נָ֥אלִי֙ בָּא֔וֹב וְהַ֣עֲלִי לִ֔י אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־אֹמַ֖ר אֵלָֽיִךְ׃ [And Saul disguised himself, and put on other raiment, and went, he and two men with him, and they came to the woman by night; and he said: 'Divine unto me, I pray thee, by a ghost, and bring me up whomsoever I shall name unto thee.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.818/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:738 # text = וַיִּתְחַפֵּ֣שׂ שָׁא֗וּל וַיִּלְבַּשׁ֙ בְּגָדִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ ה֗וּא וּשְׁנֵ֤י אֲנָשִׁים֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֖ה לָ֑יְלָה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר קָֽסֳמִי־נָ֥אלִי֙ בָּא֔וֹב וְהַ֣עֲלִי לִ֔י אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־אֹמַ֖ר אֵלָֽיִךְ׃ # verse = 1SA.28.8 1-2 וַיִּתְחַפֵּ֣שׂ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:8!1|MId=o090280080011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּתְחַפֵּ֣שׂ חָפַשׂ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.disguised.himself|Ref=1SA_28:8!1|MId=o090280080012|Strong=2664|Frame=A0:090280080021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שָׁא֗וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=1SA_28:8!2|MId=o090280080021|Strong=7586 4-5 וַיִּלְבַּשׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:8!3|MId=o090280080031|Strong=2050b 5 יִּלְבַּשׁ֙ לָבֵשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.was.clothed|Ref=1SA_28:8!3|MId=o090280080032|Strong=3847|Frame=A0:090280080021;A1:090280080041;|Type=wayyiqtol 6 בְּגָדִ֣ים בֶּגֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 obj _ Gloss=garments|Ref=1SA_28:8!4|MId=o090280080041|Strong=0899 7 אֲחֵרִ֔ים אַחֵר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 amod _ Gloss=other|Ref=1SA_28:8!5|MId=o090280080051|Strong=0312|Type=adjective 8-9 וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:8!6|MId=o090280080061|Strong=2050b 9 יֵּ֣לֶךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.went|Ref=1SA_28:8!6|MId=o090280080062|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090280080071;090280080091;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 ה֗וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_28:8!7|MId=o090280080071|Strong=1931|Type=personal 11-12 וּשְׁנֵ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:8!8|MId=o090280080081|Strong=2050b 12 שְׁנֵ֤י שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 13 nummod _ Gloss=two|Ref=1SA_28:8!8|MId=o090280080082|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 13 אֲנָשִׁים֙ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 conj _ Gloss=men|Ref=1SA_28:8!9|MId=o090280080091|Strong=0376 14-15 עִמּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_28:8!10|MId=o090280080101|Strong=5973 15 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_28:8!10|MId=o090280080102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 16-17 וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:8!11|MId=o090280080111|Strong=2050b 17 יָּבֹ֥אוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.came|Ref=1SA_28:8!11|MId=o090280080112|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090280080021;090280080091;|Type=wayyiqtol 18 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_28:8!12|MId=o090280080121|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 19-20 הָאִשָּׁ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_28:8!13|MId=o090280080131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 אִשָּׁ֖ה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=woman|Ref=1SA_28:8!13|MId=o090280080132|Strong=0802 21 לָ֑יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=night|Ref=1SA_28:8!14|MId=o090280080141|Strong=3915 22-23 וַיֹּ֗אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:8!15|MId=o090280080151|Strong=2050b 23 יֹּ֗אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_28:8!15|MId=o090280080152|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090280080021;|Type=wayyiqtol 24 קָֽסֳמִי־ קָסַם VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 23 ccomp _ Gloss=divine|Ref=1SA_28:8!17|MId=o090280080171|Strong=7080|Frame=A0:090280080132;|Type=imperative|SpaceAfter=No 25-27 נָ֥אלִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 נָ֥א נָא INTJ _ _ 24 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=1SA_28:8!18|MId=o090280080181|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 26 ל לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_28:8!19|MId=o090280080191|Strong=3807a 27 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_28:8!19|MId=o090280080192|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 28-30 בָּא֔וֹב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=1SA_28:8!20|MId=o090280080201|Strong=0871a 29 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_28:8!20|MId=o090280080201ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 א֔וֹב אוֹב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=necromancy|Ref=1SA_28:8!20|MId=o090280080202|Strong=0178 31-32 וְהַ֣עֲלִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_28:8!21|MId=o090280080211|Strong=2050b 32 הַ֣עֲלִי עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 24 conj _ Gloss=bring.up|Ref=1SA_28:8!21|MId=o090280080212|Strong=5927|Frame=AA:090280080132;A0:090280080251;|Type=imperative 33-34 לִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 ל לְ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_28:8!22|MId=o090280080221|Strong=3807a 34 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 32 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_28:8!22|MId=o090280080222|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 35 אֵ֥ת אֵת ADP _ _ 32 obj _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_28:8!23|MId=o090280080231|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 36 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 37 mark _ Gloss=[the.one].whom|Ref=1SA_28:8!24|MId=o090280080241|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 37 אֹמַ֖ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 35 acl:relcl _ Gloss=I.will.say|Ref=1SA_28:8!25|MId=o090280080251|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090280080021;|Type=yiqtol 38-39 אֵלָֽיִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 אֵלָֽי אֶל ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_28:8!26|MId=o090280080261|Strong=0413 39 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 37 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_28:8!26|MId=o090280080262|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=1SA_28:8!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - hedged: yes (נָא) - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּתְחַפֵּשׂ *he disguised himself* | wayyiqtol · hithpael | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | יִּלְבַּשׁ *he was clothed* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | בְּגָדִים *garments* | | | | יֵּלֶךְ *he went* | wayyiqtol · qal | הוּא *he* + אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | יָּבֹאוּ *they came* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* + אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | | קָֽסֳמִי־ *divine* | imperative · qal | אִשָּׁה *woman* | | | | | הַעֲלִי *bring up* | imperative · hiphil | אֹמַר *I will say* | | | אִשָּׁה *woman* | | אֹמַר *I will say* | yiqtol · qal | שָׁאוּל *Saul* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאִשְׁתַּנֵי שָׁאוּל וּלְבַשׁ לְבוּשִׁין אוֹחֲרָנִין וַאֲזַל הוּא וּתְרֵין גַבְרָא עִמֵיהּ וַאֲתוֹ לְוַת אִתְּתָא בְּלֵילְיָא וַאֲמַר קָסְמִי כְעַן לִי בְּבִידִין וְאַסְקֵי לִי יַת דְאֵימַר לָךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Saul disguised himself, and put on other raiment, and went, he and two men with him, and they came to the woman by night; and he said: 'Divine unto me, I pray thee, by a ghost, and bring me up whomsoever I shall name unto thee.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.818/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:738`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 28:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.7/) - next →: [1 Samuel 28:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.28.9/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/28/)