--- title: 1 Samuel 29:3 — Then said the princes of the Philistines: 'What do these Hebrews her… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then said the princes of the Philistines: 'What do these Hebrews here?' And Achish said unto the princes of the Philistines: 'Is not this David, the servant of Saul the king of Israel, who hath been with me these days or these years, and I have found no fault in him since he fell away unto me unto t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.29.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/29/) / 29:3 # 1 Samuel 29:3 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** princes, Achish, this, servant, I · **What happens:** say, not be, be, find, fall away · **To what, where:** David, fault · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 29:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — princes, Achish, this, servant, I — and what happens in the verse to David, fault, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים מָ֖ה הָעִבְרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אָכִ֜ישׁ אֶל־שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים הֲלֽוֹא־זֶ֨ה דָוִ֜ד עֶ֣בֶד ׀ שָׁא֣וּל מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיָ֤ה אִתִּי֙ זֶ֤ה יָמִים֙ אוֹ־זֶ֣ה שָׁנִ֔ים וְלֹֽא־מָצָ֤אתִי בוֹ֙ מְא֔וּמָה מִיּ֥וֹם נָפְל֖וֹ עַד־הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃פ [Then said the princes of the Philistines: 'What do these Hebrews here?' And Achish said unto the princes of the Philistines: 'Is not this David, the servant of Saul the king of Israel, who hath been with me these days or these years, and I have found no fault in him since he fell away unto me unto this day?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.840/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:758 # text = וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים מָ֖ה הָעִבְרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אָכִ֜ישׁ אֶל־שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים הֲלֽוֹא־זֶ֨ה דָוִ֜ד עֶ֣בֶד ׀ שָׁא֣וּל מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיָ֤ה אִתִּי֙ זֶ֤ה יָמִים֙ אוֹ־זֶ֣ה שָׁנִ֔ים וְלֹֽא־מָצָ֤אתִי בוֹ֙ מְא֔וּמָה מִיּ֥וֹם נָפְל֖וֹ עַד־הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃פ # verse = 1SA.29.3 1-2 וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_29:3!1|MId=o090290030011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=1SA_29:3!1|MId=o090290030012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090290030021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שָׂרֵ֣י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.commanders|Ref=1SA_29:3!2|MId=o090290030021|Strong=8269 4 פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_29:3!3|MId=o090290030031|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 5 מָ֖ה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 2 ccomp _ Gloss=what?|Ref=1SA_29:3!4|MId=o090290030041|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 6-7 הָעִבְרִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=[are].the|Ref=1SA_29:3!5|MId=o090290030051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 עִבְרִ֣ים עִבְרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ Gloss=Hebrews|Ref=1SA_29:3!5|MId=o090290030052|Strong=5680|Type=gentilic 8-9 הָאֵ֑לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_29:3!6|MId=o090290030061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 אֵ֑לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 7 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=1SA_29:3!6|MId=o090290030062|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 10-11 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_29:3!7|MId=o090290030071|Strong=2050b 11 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=1SA_29:3!7|MId=o090290030072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090290030081;|Type=wayyiqtol 12 אָכִ֜ישׁ אָכִישׁ PROPN _ _ 11 nsubj _ Gloss=Achish|Ref=1SA_29:3!8|MId=o090290030081|Strong=0397 13 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_29:3!9|MId=o090290030091|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 14 שָׂרֵ֣י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 obl _ Gloss=the.commanders|Ref=1SA_29:3!10|MId=o090290030101|Strong=8269 15 פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_29:3!11|MId=o090290030111|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 16-17 הֲלֽוֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=1SA_29:3!12|MId=o090290030121|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 17 לֽוֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_29:3!12|MId=o090290030122|Strong=3808|Type=negative 18 זֶ֨ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 19 nsubj _ Gloss=[is].this|Ref=1SA_29:3!13|MId=o090290030131|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 19 דָוִ֜ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 11 ccomp _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_29:3!14|MId=o090290030141|Strong=1732 20 עֶ֣בֶד עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 appos _ Gloss=the.servant|Ref=1SA_29:3!15|MId=o090290030151|Strong=5650 21 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=1SA_29:3!15 22 שָׁא֣וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Saul|Ref=1SA_29:3!16|MId=o090290030161|Strong=7586 23 מֶֽלֶךְ־ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 appos _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=1SA_29:3!17|MId=o090290030171|Strong=4428|SpaceAfter=No 24 יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=1SA_29:3!18|MId=o090290030181|Strong=3478 25 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 28 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=1SA_29:3!19|MId=o090290030191|Strong=0834|Type=relative 26 הָיָ֤ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 28 cop _ Gloss=he.has.been|Ref=1SA_29:3!20|MId=o090290030201|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090290030141;|Type=qatal 27-28 אִתִּי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_29:3!21|MId=o090290030211|Strong=0854 28 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 acl:relcl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_29:3!21|MId=o090290030212|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 29 זֶ֤ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 28 obl _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_29:3!22|MId=o090290030221|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 30 יָמִים֙ יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 29 appos _ Gloss=days|Ref=1SA_29:3!23|MId=o090290030231|Strong=3117 31 אוֹ־ אוֹ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=or|Ref=1SA_29:3!24|MId=o090290030241|Strong=0176|SpaceAfter=No 32 זֶ֣ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 29 conj _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_29:3!25|MId=o090290030251|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 33 שָׁנִ֔ים שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 32 appos _ Gloss=years|Ref=1SA_29:3!26|MId=o090290030261|Strong=8141 34-35 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_29:3!27|MId=o090290030271|Strong=2050b 35 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 36 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_29:3!27|MId=o090290030272|Strong=3808|Type=negative 36 מָצָ֤אתִי מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 19 conj _ Gloss=I.have.found|Ref=1SA_29:3!28|MId=o090290030281|Strong=4672|Frame=A0:090290030081;A1:090290030301;|Type=qatal 37-38 בוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_29:3!29|MId=o090290030291|Strong=0871a 38 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_29:3!29|MId=o090290030292|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 39 מְא֔וּמָה מְאוּמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 36 obj _ Gloss=anything|Ref=1SA_29:3!30|MId=o090290030301|Strong=3972 40-41 מִיּ֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_29:3!31|MId=o090290030311|Strong=4480 41 יּ֥וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 obl _ Gloss=the.day|Ref=1SA_29:3!31|MId=o090290030312|Strong=3117 42-43 נָפְל֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 נָפְל נָפַל VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 41 acl _ Gloss=fell|Ref=1SA_29:3!32|MId=o090290030321|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:090290030322;|Type=infinitive_construct 43 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_29:3!32|MId=o090290030322|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 44 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 46 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=1SA_29:3!33|MId=o090290030331|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 45-46 הַיּ֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 46 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_29:3!34|MId=o090290030341|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 46 יּ֥וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 41 conj _ Gloss=day|Ref=1SA_29:3!34|MId=o090290030342|Strong=3117 47-48 הַזֶּֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 48 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_29:3!35|MId=o090290030351|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 48 זֶּֽה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 46 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=1SA_29:3!35|MId=o090290030352|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 49 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 48 punct _ Ref=1SA_29:3!35|SpaceAfter=No 50 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 48 punct _ Ref=1SA_29:3!35 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּֽאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׂרֵי *the commanders* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אָכִישׁ *Achish* | | | | | הָיָה *he has been* | qatal · qal | דָוִד *David* | | | | | **not** מָצָאתִי *I have found* | qatal · qal | אָכִישׁ *Achish* | מְאוּמָה *anything* | | | | נָפְל *fell* | infinitive construct · qal | וֹ *he* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַרוּ רַבְרְבֵי פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי מָה יְהוּדָאֵי הָאִלֵין וַאֲמַר אָכִישׁ לְרַבְרְבֵי פְלִשְׁתָּאֵי הֲלָא דֵין דָוִד עַבְדָא דְשָׁאוּל מַלְכָּא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל דַהֲוָה עִמִי דְנַן יוֹמִין אוֹ דְנַן שְׁנִין וְלָא אַשְׁכָּחִית בֵּיהּ מִדַעַם בִּישׁ מִיוֹמָא דְאִתְפְרַשׁ לְוָתִי עַד יוֹמָא הָדֵין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then said the princes of the Philistines: 'What do these Hebrews here?' And Achish said unto the princes of the Philistines: 'Is not this David, the servant of Saul the king of Israel, who hath been with me these days or these years, and I have found no fault in him since he fell away unto me unto this day?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.840/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:758`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 29:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.29.2/) - next →: [1 Samuel 29:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.29.4/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/29/)