--- title: 1 Samuel 29:4 — But the princes of the Philistines were wroth with him; and the prin… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But the princes of the Philistines were wroth with him; and the princes of the Philistines said unto him: 'Make the man return, that he may go back to his place where thou hast appointed him, and let him not go down with us to battle, lest in the battle he become an adversary to us; for wherewith sh --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.29.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/29/) / 29:4 # 1 Samuel 29:4 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** princes, man, Achish, thou, fellow, adversary · **What happens:** be, say, make, return, go back, appoint · **To what, where:** man, Achish, adversary, battle · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 29:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — princes, man, Achish, thou, fellow, adversary — and what happens in the verse to man, Achish, adversary, battle, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּקְצְפ֨וּ עָלָ֜יו שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ לוֹ֩ שָׂרֵ֨י פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים הָשֵׁ֣ב אֶת־הָאִ֗ישׁ וְיָשֹׁב֙ אֶל־מְקוֹמוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִפְקַדְתּ֣וֹ שָׁ֔ם וְלֹֽא־יֵרֵ֤ד עִמָּ֙נוּ֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְלֹא־יִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֥נוּ לְשָׂטָ֖ן בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וּבַמֶּ֗ה יִתְרַצֶּ֥ה זֶה֙ אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֔יו הֲל֕וֹא בְּרָאשֵׁ֖י הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים הָהֵֽם׃ [But the princes of the Philistines were wroth with him; and the princes of the Philistines said unto him: 'Make the man return, that he may go back to his place where thou hast appointed him, and let him not go down with us to battle, lest in the battle he become an adversary to us; for wherewith should this fellow reconcile himself unto his lord? should it not be with the heads of these men?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.841/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:759 # text = וַיִּקְצְפ֨וּ עָלָ֜יו שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ לוֹ֩ שָׂרֵ֨י פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים הָשֵׁ֣ב אֶת־הָאִ֗ישׁ וְיָשֹׁב֙ אֶל־מְקוֹמוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִפְקַדְתּ֣וֹ שָׁ֔ם וְלֹֽא־יֵרֵ֤ד עִמָּ֙נוּ֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְלֹא־יִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֥נוּ לְשָׂטָ֖ן בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וּבַמֶּ֗ה יִתְרַצֶּ֥ה זֶה֙ אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֔יו הֲל֕וֹא בְּרָאשֵׁ֖י הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים הָהֵֽם׃ # verse = 1SA.29.4 1-2 וַיִּקְצְפ֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_29:4!1|MId=o090290040011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּקְצְפ֨וּ קָצַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.were.angry|Ref=1SA_29:4!1|MId=o090290040012|Strong=7107|Frame=A0:090290040031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 עָלָ֜יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 עָלָ֜י עַל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=towards|Ref=1SA_29:4!2|MId=o090290040021|Strong=5921 4 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_29:4!2|MId=o090290040022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 שָׂרֵ֣י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.commanders|Ref=1SA_29:4!3|MId=o090290040031|Strong=8269 6 פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_29:4!4|MId=o090290040041|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 7-8 וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_29:4!5|MId=o090290040051|Strong=2050b 8 יֹּ֣אמְרוּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=1SA_29:4!5|MId=o090290040052|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090290040071;|Type=wayyiqtol 9-10 לוֹ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 ל לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_29:4!6|MId=o090290040061|Strong=3807a 10 וֹ֩ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_29:4!6|MId=o090290040062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11 שָׂרֵ֨י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ Gloss=the.commanders|Ref=1SA_29:4!7|MId=o090290040071|Strong=8269 12 פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_29:4!8|MId=o090290040081|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 13 הָשֵׁ֣ב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 8 ccomp _ Gloss=send.back|Ref=1SA_29:4!9|MId=o090290040091|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:090290030081;A0:090290040112;|Type=imperative 14 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_29:4!10|MId=o090290040101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 הָאִ֗ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_29:4!11|MId=o090290040111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 אִ֗ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obj _ Gloss=man|Ref=1SA_29:4!11|MId=o090290040112|Strong=0376 17-18 וְיָשֹׁב֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=1SA_29:4!12|MId=o090290040121|Strong=2050b 18 יָשֹׁב֙ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 conj _ Gloss=that.he.may.return|Ref=1SA_29:4!12|MId=o090290040122|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:090290040112;|Type=jussive 19 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_29:4!13|MId=o090290040131|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 מְקוֹמוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 מְקוֹמ מָקוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=place|Ref=1SA_29:4!14|MId=o090290040141|Strong=4725 21 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_29:4!14|MId=o090290040142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 22 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=where|Ref=1SA_29:4!15|MId=o090290040151|Strong=0834|Type=relative 23-24 הִפְקַדְתּ֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הִפְקַדְתּ פָּקַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 20 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you|Ref=1SA_29:4!16|MId=o090290040161|Strong=6485|Frame=AA:090290030081;A0:090290040162;|Type=qatal 24 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ Gloss=assigned.him|Ref=1SA_29:4!16|MId=o090290040162|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 25 שָׁ֔ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=1SA_29:4!17|MId=o090290040171|Strong=8033 26-27 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_29:4!18|MId=o090290040181|Strong=2050b 27 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 28 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_29:4!18|MId=o090290040182|Strong=3808|Type=negative 28 יֵרֵ֤ד יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 conj _ Gloss=he.will.go.down|Ref=1SA_29:4!19|MId=o090290040191|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:090290040112;|Type=yiqtol 29-30 עִמָּ֙נוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_29:4!20|MId=o090290040201|Strong=5973 30 ָ֙נוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 28 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=1SA_29:4!20|MId=o090290040202|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 31-33 בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_29:4!21|MId=o090290040211|Strong=0871a 32 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_29:4!21|MId=o090290040211ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 מִּלְחָמָ֔ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 28 obl _ Gloss=battle|Ref=1SA_29:4!21|MId=o090290040212|Strong=4421 34-35 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 40 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_29:4!22|MId=o090290040221|Strong=2050b 35 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 40 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_29:4!22|MId=o090290040222|Strong=3808|Type=negative 36 יִֽהְיֶה־ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 40 cop _ Gloss=he.will.become|Ref=1SA_29:4!23|MId=o090290040231|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:090290040112;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 37-38 לָּ֥נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_29:4!24|MId=o090290040241|Strong=3807a 38 ָ֥נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 40 obl _ Gloss=our|Ref=1SA_29:4!24|MId=o090290040242|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 39-40 לְשָׂטָ֖ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=(into).an|Ref=1SA_29:4!25|MId=o090290040251|Strong=3807a 40 שָׂטָ֖ן שָׂטָן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 conj _ Gloss=adversary|Ref=1SA_29:4!25|MId=o090290040252|Strong=7854 41-43 בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_29:4!26|MId=o090290040261|Strong=0871a 42 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 43 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_29:4!26|MId=o090290040261ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 43 מִּלְחָמָ֑ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 40 obl _ Gloss=battle|Ref=1SA_29:4!26|MId=o090290040262|Strong=4421 44-46 וּבַמֶּ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 47 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_29:4!27|MId=o090290040271|Strong=2050b 45 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 46 case _ Gloss=|Ref=1SA_29:4!27|MId=o090290040272|Strong=0871a 46 מֶּ֗ה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 47 obl _ Gloss=how?|Ref=1SA_29:4!27|MId=o090290040273|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 47 יִתְרַצֶּ֥ה רָצָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 conj _ Gloss=will.he.make.himself.acceptable|Ref=1SA_29:4!28|MId=o090290040281|Strong=7521|Frame=A0:090290040291;|Type=yiqtol 48 זֶה֙ זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 47 nsubj _ Gloss=this.one|Ref=1SA_29:4!29|MId=o090290040291|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 49 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 50 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_29:4!30|MId=o090290040301|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 50-51 אֲדֹנָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 אֲדֹנָ֔י אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 47 obl _ Gloss=master(s)|Ref=1SA_29:4!31|MId=o090290040311|Strong=0113 51 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 50 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_29:4!31|MId=o090290040312|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 52-53 הֲל֕וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 53 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=1SA_29:4!32|MId=o090290040321|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 53 ל֕וֹא לֹא ADV _ _ 47 parataxis _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_29:4!32|MId=o090290040322|Strong=3808|Type=negative 54-55 בְּרָאשֵׁ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 55 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=1SA_29:4!33|MId=o090290040331|Strong=0871a 55 רָאשֵׁ֖י רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 53 obl _ Gloss=the.heads|Ref=1SA_29:4!33|MId=o090290040332|Strong=7218 56-57 הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 57 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_29:4!34|MId=o090290040341|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 57 אֲנָשִׁ֥ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 55 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.men|Ref=1SA_29:4!34|MId=o090290040342|Strong=0376 58-59 הָהֵֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 59 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_29:4!35|MId=o090290040351|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 59 הֵֽם הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 57 det _ Gloss=those|Ref=1SA_29:4!35|MId=o090290040352|Strong=1992|Type=personal 60 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 59 punct _ Ref=1SA_29:4!35 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּקְצְפוּ *they were angry* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׂרֵי *the commanders* | | | | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׂרֵי *the commanders* | | | | | הָשֵׁב *send back* | imperative · hiphil | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | יָשֹׁב *that he may return* | jussive · qal | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | הִפְקַדְתּ *you* | qatal · hiphil | וֹ *assigned him* | | | | | **not** יֵרֵד *he will go down* | yiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | יִֽהְיֶה־ *he will become* | yiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | **not** יִתְרַצֶּה *will he make himself acceptable* | yiqtol · hithpael | זֶה *this one* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּרְגִיזוּ עֲלוֹהִי רַבְרְבֵי פְלִשְׁתָּאֵי וַאֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ רַבְרְבֵי פְלִשְׁתָּאֵי אָתֵיב יַת גַבְרָא וִיתוּב לְאַתְרֵיהּ דְמַנִיתֵיהּ תַּמָן וְלָא יֵחוֹת עִמָנָא בִּקְרָבָא וְלָא יְהֵי לְשָׂטָן בִּקְרָבָא וּבַמֶה יִתְרְעֵי דֵין לְוַת רִבּוֹנֵיהּ הֲלֹא בְּרֵישֵׁי גַבְרַיָא הָאִינוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But the princes of the Philistines were wroth with him; and the princes of the Philistines said unto him: 'Make the man return, that he may go back to his place where thou hast appointed him, and let him not go down with us to battle, lest in the battle he become an adversary to us; for wherewith should this fellow reconcile himself unto his lord? should it not be with the heads of these men?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.841/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:759`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 29:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.29.3/) - next →: [1 Samuel 29:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.29.5/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/29/)