--- title: 1 Samuel 30:12 — and they gave him a piece of a cake of figs, and two clusters of rai… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and they gave him a piece of a cake of figs, and two clusters of raisins; and when he had eaten, his spirit came back to him; for he had eaten no bread, nor drunk any water, three days and three nights. Who acts: David, Abiathar, spirit. 1 Samuel 30:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jona --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/30/) / 30:12 # 1 Samuel 30:12 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, Abiathar, spirit · **What happens:** give, eat, come back, drink · **To what, where:** piece, Abiathar, bread, water This is 1 Samuel 30:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, Abiathar, spirit — and what happens in the verse to piece, Abiathar, bread, water, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּתְּנוּ־לוֹ֩ פֶ֨לַח דְּבֵלָ֜ה וּשְׁנֵ֤י צִמֻּקִים֙ וַיֹּ֔אכַל וַתָּ֥שָׁב רוּח֖וֹ אֵלָ֑יו כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אָ֤כַל לֶ֙חֶם֙ וְלֹא־שָׁ֣תָה מַ֔יִם שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה יָמִ֖ים וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה לֵילֽוֹת׃ס [and they gave him a piece of a cake of figs, and two clusters of raisins; and when he had eaten, his spirit came back to him; for he had eaten no bread, nor drunk any water, three days and three nights.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.861/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:778 # text = וַיִּתְּנוּ־לוֹ֩ פֶ֨לַח דְּבֵלָ֜ה וּשְׁנֵ֤י צִמֻּקִים֙ וַיֹּ֔אכַל וַתָּ֥שָׁב רוּח֖וֹ אֵלָ֑יו כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אָ֤כַל לֶ֙חֶם֙ וְלֹא־שָׁ֣תָה מַ֔יִם שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה יָמִ֖ים וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה לֵילֽוֹת׃ס # verse = 1SA.30.12 1-2 וַיִּתְּנוּ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:12!1|MId=o090300120011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּתְּנוּ־ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.gave|Ref=1SA_30:12!1|MId=o090300120012|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:090300100061;A1:090300120031;090300120061;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לוֹ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_30:12!2|MId=o090300120021|Strong=3807a 4 וֹ֩ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_30:12!2|MId=o090300120022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 פֶ֨לַח פֶּלַח NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=a.slice|Ref=1SA_30:12!3|MId=o090300120031|Strong=6400 6 דְּבֵלָ֜ה דְּבֵלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.fig.cake|Ref=1SA_30:12!4|MId=o090300120041|Strong=1690 7-8 וּשְׁנֵ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:12!5|MId=o090300120051|Strong=2050b 8 שְׁנֵ֤י שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 9 nummod _ Gloss=two|Ref=1SA_30:12!5|MId=o090300120052|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 9 צִמֻּקִים֙ צִמּוּקִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 conj _ Gloss=bunches.of.raisins|Ref=1SA_30:12!6|MId=o090300120061|Strong=6778 10-11 וַיֹּ֔אכַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:12!7|MId=o090300120071|Strong=2050b 11 יֹּ֔אכַל אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.ate|Ref=1SA_30:12!7|MId=o090300120072|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:090300110021;A1:090300120031;090300120061;|Type=wayyiqtol 12-13 וַתָּ֥שָׁב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:12!8|MId=o090300120081|Strong=2050b 13 תָּ֥שָׁב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.returned|Ref=1SA_30:12!8|MId=o090300120082|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:090300120091;|Type=wayyiqtol 14-15 רוּח֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 רוּח רוּחַ NOUN _ Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Gloss=spirit|Ref=1SA_30:12!9|MId=o090300120091|Strong=7307 15 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_30:12!9|MId=o090300120092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 16-17 אֵלָ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 אֵלָ֑י אֶל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_30:12!10|MId=o090300120101|Strong=0413 17 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_30:12!10|MId=o090300120102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18 כִּ֠י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_30:12!11|MId=o090300120111|Strong=3588 19 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_30:12!12|MId=o090300120121|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 20 אָ֤כַל אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=he.had.eaten|Ref=1SA_30:12!13|MId=o090300120131|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:090300110021;A1:090300120141;|Type=qatal 21 לֶ֙חֶם֙ לֶחֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 20 obj _ Gloss=food|Ref=1SA_30:12!14|MId=o090300120141|Strong=3899 22-23 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:12!15|MId=o090300120151|Strong=2050b 23 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_30:12!15|MId=o090300120152|Strong=3808|Type=negative 24 שָׁ֣תָה שָׁתָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.had.drunk|Ref=1SA_30:12!16|MId=o090300120161|Strong=8354|Frame=A0:090300110021;A1:090300120171;|Type=qatal 25 מַ֔יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 obj _ Gloss=water|Ref=1SA_30:12!17|MId=o090300120171|Strong=4325 26 שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nummod _ Gloss=three|Ref=1SA_30:12!18|MId=o090300120181|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 27 יָמִ֖ים יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 obl _ Gloss=days|Ref=1SA_30:12!19|MId=o090300120191|Strong=3117 28-29 וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:12!20|MId=o090300120201|Strong=2050b 29 שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 nummod _ Gloss=three|Ref=1SA_30:12!20|MId=o090300120202|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 30 לֵילֽוֹת לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 27 conj _ Gloss=nights|Ref=1SA_30:12!21|MId=o090300120211|Strong=3915|SpaceAfter=No 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=1SA_30:12!21|SpaceAfter=No 32 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=1SA_30:12!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּתְּנוּ־ *they gave* | wayyiqtol · qal | | פֶלַח *a slice* + צִמֻּקִים *bunches of raisins* | | | | יֹּאכַל *he ate* | wayyiqtol · qal | | פֶלַח *a slice* + צִמֻּקִים *bunches of raisins* | | | | תָּשָׁב *it returned* | wayyiqtol · qal | רוּח *spirit* | | | | | **not** אָכַל *he had eaten* | qatal · qal | | לֶחֶם *food* | | | | **not** שָׁתָה *he had drunk* | qatal · qal | | מַיִם *water* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וִיהָבוּ לֵיהּ פִּילַס דְבֵלְתָּא וּתְרֵין אִיתְכְּלִין דְעִינְבִין יַבִּישִׁין וְאָכַל וְתָבַת רוּחֵיהּ לֵיהּ אֲרֵי לָא אֲכַל לַחְמָא וְלָא שָׁתָא מַיָא תְּלָתָא יְמָמִין וּתְלָתָא לֵילַוָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and they gave him a piece of a cake of figs, and two clusters of raisins; and when he had eaten, his spirit came back to him; for he had eaten no bread, nor drunk any water, three days and three nights.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.861/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:778`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 30:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.11/) - next →: [1 Samuel 30:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.13/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/30/)