--- title: 1 Samuel 30:16 — And when he had brought him down, behold, they were spread abroad ov… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And when he had brought him down, behold, they were spread abroad over all the ground, eating and drinking, and feasting, because of all the great spoil that they had taken out of the land of the Philistines, and out of the land of Judah. Who acts: Abiathar, David. 1 Samuel 30:16 in Hebrew with its --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/30/) / 30:16 # 1 Samuel 30:16 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** Abiathar, David · **What happens:** bring down, spread, eat, drink, feast, take out · **To what, where:** master, David, ground, great spoil, land This is 1 Samuel 30:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abiathar, David — and what happens in the verse to master, David, ground, great spoil, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣רִדֵ֔הוּ וְהִנֵּ֥ה נְטֻשִׁ֖ים עַל־פְּנֵ֣י כָל־הָאָ֑רֶץ אֹכְלִ֤ים וְשֹׁתִים֙ וְחֹ֣גְגִ֔ים בְּכֹל֙ הַשָּׁלָ֣ל הַגָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֛וּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וּמֵאֶ֥רֶץ יְהוּדָֽה׃ [And when he had brought him down, behold, they were spread abroad over all the ground, eating and drinking, and feasting, because of all the great spoil that they had taken out of the land of the Philistines, and out of the land of Judah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.865/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:782 # text = וַיֹּ֣רִדֵ֔הוּ וְהִנֵּ֥ה נְטֻשִׁ֖ים עַל־פְּנֵ֣י כָל־הָאָ֑רֶץ אֹכְלִ֤ים וְשֹׁתִים֙ וְחֹ֣גְגִ֔ים בְּכֹל֙ הַשָּׁלָ֣ל הַגָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֛וּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וּמֵאֶ֥רֶץ יְהוּדָֽה׃ # verse = 1SA.30.16 1-3 וַיֹּ֣רִדֵ֔הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:16!1|MId=o090300160011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣רִד יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_30:16!1|MId=o090300160012|Strong=3381|Frame=AA:090300130101;A0:090300160013;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ֵ֔הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ Gloss=took.him.down|Ref=1SA_30:16!1|MId=o090300160013|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 4-5 וְהִנֵּ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:16!2|MId=o090300160021|Strong=2050b 5 הִנֵּ֥ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 12 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=1SA_30:16!2|MId=o090300160022|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 6 נְטֻשִׁ֖ים נָטַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 12 parataxis _ Gloss=[they.were].spread.out|Ref=1SA_30:16!3|MId=o090300160031|Strong=5203|Frame=A1:090300150202;|Type=participle_passive 7 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=1SA_30:16!4|MId=o090300160041|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 8 פְּנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 6 obl _ Gloss=the.surface|Ref=1SA_30:16!5|MId=o090300160051|Strong=6440 9 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.all|Ref=1SA_30:16!6|MId=o090300160061|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 הָאָ֑רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_30:16!7|MId=o090300160071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 אָ֑רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=land|Ref=1SA_30:16!7|MId=o090300160072|Strong=0776 12 אֹכְלִ֤ים אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=eating|Ref=1SA_30:16!8|MId=o090300160081|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:090300150202;|Type=participle_active 13-14 וְשֹׁתִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:16!9|MId=o090300160091|Strong=2050b 14 שֹׁתִים֙ שָׁתָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 12 conj _ Gloss=drinking|Ref=1SA_30:16!9|MId=o090300160092|Strong=8354|Frame=A0:090300150202;|Type=participle_active 15-16 וְחֹ֣גְגִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:16!10|MId=o090300160101|Strong=2050b 16 חֹ֣גְגִ֔ים חָגַג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 12 conj _ Gloss=celebrating|Ref=1SA_30:16!10|MId=o090300160102|Strong=2287|Frame=A0:090300150202;|Type=participle_active 17-18 בְּכֹל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=1SA_30:16!11|MId=o090300160111|Strong=0871a 18 כֹל֙ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=1SA_30:16!11|MId=o090300160112|Strong=3605 19-20 הַשָּׁלָ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_30:16!12|MId=o090300160121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 שָּׁלָ֣ל שָׁלָל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=plunder|Ref=1SA_30:16!12|MId=o090300160122|Strong=7998 21-22 הַגָּד֔וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=1SA_30:16!13|MId=o090300160131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 גָּד֔וֹל גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=1SA_30:16!13|MId=o090300160132|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 23 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1SA_30:16!14|MId=o090300160141|Strong=0834|Type=relative 24 לָקְח֛וּ לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 18 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.had.taken|Ref=1SA_30:16!15|MId=o090300160151|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:090300150202;A1:090300160122;|Type=qatal 25-26 מֵאֶ֥רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_30:16!16|MId=o090300160161|Strong=4480 26 אֶ֥רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=1SA_30:16!16|MId=o090300160162|Strong=0776 27 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים פְּלִשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].Philistines|Ref=1SA_30:16!17|MId=o090300160171|Strong=6430|Type=gentilic 28-30 וּמֵאֶ֥רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:16!18|MId=o090300160181|Strong=2050b 29 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_30:16!18|MId=o090300160182|Strong=4480 30 אֶ֥רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 26 conj _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=1SA_30:16!18|MId=o090300160183|Strong=0776 31 יְהוּדָֽה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=1SA_30:16!19|MId=o090300160191|Strong=3063|SpaceAfter=No 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=1SA_30:16!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּרִד *he* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ֵהוּ *took him down* | | | | | נְטֻשִׁים *\[they were\] spread out* | participle passive · qal | | | | | | אֹכְלִים *eating* | participle active · qal | | | | | | שֹׁתִים *drinking* | participle active · qal | | | | | | חֹגְגִים *celebrating* | participle active · qal | | | | | | לָקְחוּ *they had taken* | qatal · qal | | שָּׁלָל *plunder* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַחְתֵיהּ וְהָא רְטִישִׁין עַל אַפֵּי כָל אַרְעָא אָכְלִין וְשָׁתָן וְחָגְגִין בְּכָל עֲדָאָה סַגִיאָה דִשְׁבוֹ מֵאַרְעָא פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי וּמֵאַרְעָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And when he had brought him down, behold, they were spread abroad over all the ground, eating and drinking, and feasting, because of all the great spoil that they had taken out of the land of the Philistines, and out of the land of Judah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.865/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:782`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 30:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.15/) - next →: [1 Samuel 30:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.17/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/30/)