--- title: 1 Samuel 30:17 — And David smote them from the twilight even unto the evening of the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David smote them from the twilight even unto the evening of the next day; and there escaped not a man of them, save four hundred young men, who rode upon camels and fled. Who acts: David, man, hundred young men. 1 Samuel 30:17 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/30/) / 30:17 # 1 Samuel 30:17 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, man, hundred young men · **What happens:** smite, not escape, ride, flee · **To what, where:** land, twilight This is 1 Samuel 30:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, man, hundred young men — and what happens in the verse to land, twilight, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּכֵּ֥ם דָּוִ֛ד מֵהַנֶּ֥שֶׁף וְעַד־הָעֶ֖רֶב לְמָֽחֳרָתָ֑ם וְלֹֽא־נִמְלַ֤ט מֵהֶם֙ אִ֔ישׁ כִּי֩ אִם־אַרְבַּ֨ע מֵא֧וֹת אִֽישׁ־נַ֛עַר אֲשֶׁר־רָכְב֥וּ עַל־הַגְּמַלִּ֖ים וַיָּנֻֽסוּ׃ [And David smote them from the twilight even unto the evening of the next day; and there escaped not a man of them, save four hundred young men, who rode upon camels and fled.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.866/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:783 # text = וַיַּכֵּ֥ם דָּוִ֛ד מֵהַנֶּ֥שֶׁף וְעַד־הָעֶ֖רֶב לְמָֽחֳרָתָ֑ם וְלֹֽא־נִמְלַ֤ט מֵהֶם֙ אִ֔ישׁ כִּי֩ אִם־אַרְבַּ֨ע מֵא֧וֹת אִֽישׁ־נַ֛עַר אֲשֶׁר־רָכְב֥וּ עַל־הַגְּמַלִּ֖ים וַיָּנֻֽסוּ׃ # verse = 1SA.30.17 1-3 וַיַּכֵּ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:17!1|MId=o090300170011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּכּ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he|Ref=1SA_30:17!1|MId=o090300170012|Strong=5221|Frame=A0:090300170013;AA:090300170021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ֵ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ Gloss=struck.them.down|Ref=1SA_30:17!1|MId=o090300170013|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 4 דָּוִ֛ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_30:17!2|MId=o090300170021|Strong=1732 5-7 מֵהַנֶּ֥שֶׁף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=1SA_30:17!3|MId=o090300170031|Strong=4480 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_30:17!3|MId=o090300170032|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 נֶּ֥שֶׁף נֶשֶׁף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=twilight|Ref=1SA_30:17!3|MId=o090300170033|Strong=5399 8-9 וְעַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:17!4|MId=o090300170041|Strong=2050b 9 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=1SA_30:17!4|MId=o090300170042|Strong=5704 10-11 הָעֶ֖רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_30:17!5|MId=o090300170051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 עֶ֖רֶב עֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 conj _ Gloss=evening|Ref=1SA_30:17!5|MId=o090300170052|Strong=6153 12-14 לְמָֽחֳרָתָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_30:17!6|MId=o090300170061|Strong=3807a 13 מָֽחֳרָת מׇחֳרָת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 nmod _ Gloss=their.next|Ref=1SA_30:17!6|MId=o090300170062|Strong=4283 14 ָ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=day|Ref=1SA_30:17!6|MId=o090300170063|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 15-16 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:17!7|MId=o090300170071|Strong=2050b 16 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_30:17!7|MId=o090300170072|Strong=3808|Type=negative 17 נִמְלַ֤ט מָלַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.escaped|Ref=1SA_30:17!8|MId=o090300170081|Strong=4422|Frame=A0:090300170101;|Type=qatal 18-19 מֵהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_30:17!9|MId=o090300170091|Strong=4480 19 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=1SA_30:17!9|MId=o090300170092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 20 אִ֔ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=anyone|Ref=1SA_30:17!10|MId=o090300170101|Strong=0376 21 כִּי֩ כִּי SCONJ _ ExtPos=SCONJ 25 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_30:17!11|MId=o090300170111|Strong=3588 22 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 21 fixed _ Gloss=(if)|Ref=1SA_30:17!12|MId=o090300170121|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 23 אַרְבַּ֨ע אַרְבַּע NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 nummod _ Gloss=four|Ref=1SA_30:17!13|MId=o090300170131|Strong=0702|Type=cardinal_number 24 מֵא֧וֹת מֵאָה NUM _ Number=Plur 23 flat _ Gloss=hundred(s)|Ref=1SA_30:17!14|MId=o090300170141|Strong=3967|Type=cardinal_number 25 אִֽישׁ־ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 parataxis _ Gloss=man|Ref=1SA_30:17!15|MId=o090300170151|Strong=0376|SpaceAfter=No 26 נַ֛עַר נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 appos _ Gloss=young.man|Ref=1SA_30:17!16|MId=o090300170161|Strong=5288 27 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 28 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=1SA_30:17!17|MId=o090300170171|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 28 רָכְב֥וּ רָכַב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 25 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.rode|Ref=1SA_30:17!18|MId=o090300170181|Strong=7392|Frame=A0:090300170151;|Type=qatal 29 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=1SA_30:17!19|MId=o090300170191|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 30-31 הַגְּמַלִּ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_30:17!20|MId=o090300170201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 גְּמַלִּ֖ים גָּמָל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 28 obl _ Gloss=camels|Ref=1SA_30:17!20|MId=o090300170202|Strong=1581 32-33 וַיָּנֻֽסוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:17!21|MId=o090300170211|Strong=2050b 33 יָּנֻֽסוּ נוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 28 conj _ Gloss=they.fled|Ref=1SA_30:17!21|MId=o090300170212|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:090300170151;|Type=wayyiqtol 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=1SA_30:17!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּכּ *he* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ֵם *struck them down* | | | דָּוִד *David* | | **not** נִמְלַט *he escaped* | qatal · niphal | אִישׁ *anyone* | | | | | רָכְבוּ *they rode* | qatal · qal | אִֽישׁ־ *man* | | | | | יָּנֻֽסוּ *they fled* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִֽישׁ־ *man* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּמְחָנוּן דָוִד מִקְבָּלָא וְעַד עִדַן רַמְשָׁא בְּיוֹמָא דְבַתְרוֹהִי וְלָא אִשְׁתֵּיזֵיב מִנְהוֹן אֱנַשׁ אֱלָהֵין אַרְבַּע מְאָה גְבַר עוּלֵים דִרְכִיבוּ עַל גַמְלַיָא וְאַפִּיכוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David smote them from the twilight even unto the evening of the next day; and there escaped not a man of them, save four hundred young men, who rode upon camels and fled.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.866/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:783`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 30:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.16/) - next →: [1 Samuel 30:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.18/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/30/)