--- title: 1 Samuel 30:21 — And David came to the two hundred men, who were so faint that they c… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David came to the two hundred men, who were so faint that they could not follow David, whom also they had made to abide at the brook Besor; and they went forth to meet David, and to meet the people that were with him; and when David came near to the people, he saluted them. Who acts: David, hund --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/30/) / 30:21 # 1 Samuel 30:21 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** David, hundred men, people, Besor · **What happens:** come, be, not follow, make, abide, go · **To what, where:** David, brook, people This is 1 Samuel 30:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, hundred men, people, Besor — and what happens in the verse to David, brook, people, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּבֹ֣א דָוִ֗ד אֶל־מָאתַ֨יִם הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים אֲשֶֽׁר־פִּגְּר֣וּ ׀ מִלֶּ֣כֶת ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י דָוִ֗ד וַיֹּֽשִׁיבֻם֙ בְּנַ֣חַל הַבְּשׂ֔וֹר וַיֵּֽצְאוּ֙ לִקְרַ֣את דָּוִ֔ד וְלִקְרַ֖את הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֑וֹ וַיִּגַּ֤שׁ דָּוִד֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וַיִּשְׁאַ֥ל לָהֶ֖ם לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ס [And David came to the two hundred men, who were so faint that they could not follow David, whom also they had made to abide at the brook Besor; and they went forth to meet David, and to meet the people that were with him; and when David came near to the people, he saluted them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.870/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:787 # text = וַיָּבֹ֣א דָוִ֗ד אֶל־מָאתַ֨יִם הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים אֲשֶֽׁר־פִּגְּר֣וּ ׀ מִלֶּ֣כֶת ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י דָוִ֗ד וַיֹּֽשִׁיבֻם֙ בְּנַ֣חַל הַבְּשׂ֔וֹר וַיֵּֽצְאוּ֙ לִקְרַ֣את דָּוִ֔ד וְלִקְרַ֖את הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֑וֹ וַיִּגַּ֤שׁ דָּוִד֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וַיִּשְׁאַ֥ל לָהֶ֖ם לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃ס # verse = 1SA.30.21 1-2 וַיָּבֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:21!1|MId=o090300210011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּבֹ֣א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.came|Ref=1SA_30:21!1|MId=o090300210012|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:090300210021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָוִ֗ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_30:21!2|MId=o090300210021|Strong=1732 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_30:21!3|MId=o090300210031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 מָאתַ֨יִם מֵאָה NUM _ Number=Dual 7 nummod _ Gloss=two.hundred|Ref=1SA_30:21!4|MId=o090300210041|Strong=3967|Type=cardinal_number 6-7 הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_30:21!5|MId=o090300210051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 אֲנָשִׁ֜ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=men|Ref=1SA_30:21!5|MId=o090300210052|Strong=0376 8 אֲשֶֽׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=1SA_30:21!6|MId=o090300210061|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 9 פִּגְּר֣וּ פָּגַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 7 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.had.been.[too].exhausted|Ref=1SA_30:21!7|MId=o090300210071|Strong=6296|Frame=A0:090300210052;|Type=qatal 10 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 9 punct _ Ref=1SA_30:21!7 11-12 מִלֶּ֣כֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=1SA_30:21!8|MId=o090300210081|Strong=4480 12 לֶּ֣כֶת הלך VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 advcl _ Gloss=going|Ref=1SA_30:21!8|MId=o090300210082|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090300210052;|Type=infinitive_construct 13 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 12 punct _ Ref=1SA_30:21!8 14 אַחֲרֵ֣י אַחַר ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=1SA_30:21!9|MId=o090300210091|Strong=0310 15 דָוִ֗ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 12 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_30:21!10|MId=o090300210101|Strong=1732 16-18 וַיֹּֽשִׁיבֻם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:21!11|MId=o090300210111|Strong=2050b 17 יֹּֽשִׁיבֻ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=1SA_30:21!11|MId=o090300210112|Strong=3427|Frame=AA:090300210101;090300100061;A0:090300210113;|Type=wayyiqtol 18 ם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obj _ Gloss=had.left.them.behind|Ref=1SA_30:21!11|MId=o090300210113|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 19-20 בְּנַ֣חַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=1SA_30:21!12|MId=o090300210121|Strong=0871a 20 נַ֣חַל נַחַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=the.wadi|Ref=1SA_30:21!12|MId=o090300210122|Strong=5158 21-22 הַבְּשׂ֔וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=1SA_30:21!13|MId=o090300210131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 בְּשׂ֔וֹר בְּשׂוֹר PROPN _ _ 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Besor|Ref=1SA_30:21!13|MId=o090300210132|Strong=1308 23-24 וַיֵּֽצְאוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:21!14|MId=o090300210141|Strong=2050b 24 יֵּֽצְאוּ֙ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.went.out|Ref=1SA_30:21!14|MId=o090300210142|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:090300210052;|Type=wayyiqtol 25-26 לִקְרַ֣את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_30:21!15|MId=o090300210151|Strong=3807a 26 קְרַ֣את קָרָא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 24 advcl _ Gloss=meet|Ref=1SA_30:21!15|MId=o090300210152|Strong=7122|Frame=A0:090300210052;A1:090300210161;|Type=infinitive_construct 27 דָּוִ֔ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 26 obj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_30:21!16|MId=o090300210161|Strong=1732 28-30 וְלִקְרַ֖את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:21!17|MId=o090300210171|Strong=2050b 29 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_30:21!17|MId=o090300210172|Strong=3807a 30 קְרַ֖את קָרָא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 26 conj _ Gloss=meet|Ref=1SA_30:21!17|MId=o090300210173|Strong=7122|Frame=A0:090300210052;A1:090300210182;|Type=infinitive_construct 31-32 הָעָ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_30:21!18|MId=o090300210181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 עָ֣ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obj _ Gloss=people|Ref=1SA_30:21!18|MId=o090300210182|Strong=5971 33 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 35 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1SA_30:21!19|MId=o090300210191|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 34-35 אִתּ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=[was].with|Ref=1SA_30:21!20|MId=o090300210201|Strong=0854 35 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 acl:relcl _ Gloss=him|Ref=1SA_30:21!20|MId=o090300210202|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 36-37 וַיִּגַּ֤שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:21!21|MId=o090300210211|Strong=2050b 37 יִּגַּ֤שׁ נָגַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.approached|Ref=1SA_30:21!21|MId=o090300210212|Strong=5066|Frame=A0:090300210221;A1:090300210242;|Type=wayyiqtol 38 דָּוִד֙ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 37 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_30:21!22|MId=o090300210221|Strong=1732 39 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_30:21!23|MId=o090300210231|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 40-41 הָעָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 41 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_30:21!24|MId=o090300210241|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 41 עָ֔ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 37 obj _ Gloss=people|Ref=1SA_30:21!24|MId=o090300210242|Strong=5971 42-43 וַיִּשְׁאַ֥ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 43 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:21!25|MId=o090300210251|Strong=2050b 43 יִּשְׁאַ֥ל שָׁאַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.asked|Ref=1SA_30:21!25|MId=o090300210252|Strong=7592|Frame=A0:090300210221;|Type=wayyiqtol 44-45 לָהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 ל לְ ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_30:21!26|MId=o090300210261|Strong=3807a 45 ָהֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=1SA_30:21!26|MId=o090300210262|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 46-47 לְשָׁלֽוֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 47 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_30:21!27|MId=o090300210271|Strong=3807a 47 שָׁלֽוֹם שָׁלוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 43 obl _ Gloss=welfare|Ref=1SA_30:21!27|MId=o090300210272|Strong=7965 48 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 47 punct _ Ref=1SA_30:21!27|SpaceAfter=No 49 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 47 punct _ Ref=1SA_30:21!27 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּבֹא *he came* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָוִד *David* | | | | | פִּגְּרוּ *they had been \[too\] exhausted* | qatal · piel | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | לֶּכֶת *going* | infinitive construct · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | יֹּֽשִׁיבֻ *they* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ם *had left them behind* | | | דָוִד *David* | | יֵּֽצְאוּ *they went out* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | קְרַאת *meet* | infinitive construct · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | דָּוִד *David* | | | | קְרַאת *meet* | infinitive construct · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | עָם *people* | | | | יִּגַּשׁ *he approached* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | עָם *people* | | | | יִּשְׁאַל *he asked* | wayyiqtol · qal | דָּוִד *David* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתָא דָוִד לְוַת מָאתָן גַבְרָא דְאִתְמְנִיעוּ מִלְמֵיזַל בָּתַר דָוִד וְאוֹתֵיבִינוּן בְּנַחֲלָא דִבְשׂוֹר וּנְפָקוּ לִקָדָמוּת דָוִד וְלִקֲֳדָמוּת עַמָא דְעִמֵיהּ וַאֲרַע דָוִד יַת עַמָא וּשְׁאִיל לְהוֹן לִשְׁלָם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David came to the two hundred men, who were so faint that they could not follow David, whom also they had made to abide at the brook Besor; and they went forth to meet David, and to meet the people that were with him; and when David came near to the people, he saluted them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.870/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:787`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 30:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.20/) - next →: [1 Samuel 30:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.22/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/30/)