--- title: 1 Samuel 30:22 — Then answered all the wicked men and base fellows, of those that wen… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then answered all the wicked men and base fellows, of those that went with David, and said: 'Because they went not with us, we will not give them aught of the spoil that we have recovered, save to every man his wife and his children, that they may lead them away, and depart.' Who acts: wicked men, D --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/) / [chapter 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/30/) / 30:22 # 1 Samuel 30:22 שְׁמוּאֵל א **Who acts:** wicked men, David, we · **What happens:** answer, go, say, not go, not give, recover · **To what, where:** aught, David, spoil, wife, men · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 1 Samuel 30:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — wicked men, David, we — and what happens in the verse to aught, David, spoil, wife, men, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּ֜עַן כָּל־אִֽישׁ־רָ֣ע וּבְלִיַּ֗עַל מֵֽהָאֲנָשִׁים֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָלְכ֣וּ עִם־דָּוִד֒ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ יַ֚עַן אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־הָלְכ֣וּ עִמִּ֔י לֹֽא־נִתֵּ֣ן לָהֶ֔ם מֵהַשָּׁלָ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִצַּ֑לְנוּ כִּֽי־אִם־אִ֤ישׁ אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ֙ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֔יו וְיִנְהֲג֖וּ וְיֵלֵֽכוּ׃ס [Then answered all the wicked men and base fellows, of those that went with David, and said: 'Because they went not with us, we will not give them aught of the spoil that we have recovered, save to every man his wife and his children, that they may lead them away, and depart.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.871/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:1SA:788 # text = וַיַּ֜עַן כָּל־אִֽישׁ־רָ֣ע וּבְלִיַּ֗עַל מֵֽהָאֲנָשִׁים֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָלְכ֣וּ עִם־דָּוִד֒ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ יַ֚עַן אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־הָלְכ֣וּ עִמִּ֔י לֹֽא־נִתֵּ֣ן לָהֶ֔ם מֵהַשָּׁלָ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִצַּ֑לְנוּ כִּֽי־אִם־אִ֤ישׁ אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ֙ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֔יו וְיִנְהֲג֖וּ וְיֵלֵֽכוּ׃ס # verse = 1SA.30.22 1-2 וַיַּ֜עַן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:22!1|MId=o090300220011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּ֜עַן עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.answered|Ref=1SA_30:22!1|MId=o090300220012|Strong=6030|Frame=A0:090300220031;090300220052;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=every|Ref=1SA_30:22!2|MId=o090300220021|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 4 אִֽישׁ־ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=man|Ref=1SA_30:22!3|MId=o090300220031|Strong=0376|SpaceAfter=No 5 רָ֣ע רַע ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 amod _ Gloss=evil|Ref=1SA_30:22!4|MId=o090300220041|Strong=7451|Type=adjective 6-7 וּבְלִיַּ֗עַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:22!5|MId=o090300220051|Strong=2050b 7 בְלִיַּ֗עַל בְּלִיַּעַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 conj _ Gloss=worthlessness|Ref=1SA_30:22!5|MId=o090300220052|Strong=1100 8-10 מֵֽהָאֲנָשִׁים֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_30:22!6|MId=o090300220061|Strong=4480 9 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=1SA_30:22!6|MId=o090300220062|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 אֲנָשִׁים֮ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 nmod _ Gloss=men|Ref=1SA_30:22!6|MId=o090300220063|Strong=0376 11 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=1SA_30:22!7|MId=o090300220071|Strong=0834|Type=relative 12 הָלְכ֣וּ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 10 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.had.gone|Ref=1SA_30:22!8|MId=o090300220081|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090300220063;|Type=qatal 13 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_30:22!9|MId=o090300220091|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 14 דָּוִד֒ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 12 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=1SA_30:22!10|MId=o090300220101|Strong=1732 15-16 וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:22!11|MId=o090300220111|Strong=2050b 16 יֹּאמְר֗וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=1SA_30:22!11|MId=o090300220112|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:090300220031;090300220052;|Type=wayyiqtol 17 יַ֚עַן יַעַן ADV _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=because|Ref=1SA_30:22!12|MId=o090300220121|Strong=3282 18 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=1SA_30:22!13|MId=o090300220131|Strong=0834|Type=relative 19 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_30:22!14|MId=o090300220141|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 20 הָלְכ֣וּ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 34 parataxis _ Gloss=they.went|Ref=1SA_30:22!15|MId=o090300220151|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090300210242;|Type=qatal 21-22 עִמִּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=1SA_30:22!16|MId=o090300220161|Strong=5973 22 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=1SA_30:22!16|MId=o090300220162|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 23 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=1SA_30:22!17|MId=o090300220171|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 24 נִתֵּ֣ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 34 parataxis _ Gloss=we.will.give|Ref=1SA_30:22!18|MId=o090300220181|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:090300220031;090300220052;090300220063;090300220101;|Type=yiqtol 25-26 לָהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 ל לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=1SA_30:22!19|MId=o090300220191|Strong=3807a 26 ָהֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=1SA_30:22!19|MId=o090300220192|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 27-29 מֵהַשָּׁלָ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=any|Ref=1SA_30:22!20|MId=o090300220201|Strong=4480 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=1SA_30:22!20|MId=o090300220202|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 שָּׁלָ֖ל שָׁלָל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=the.booty|Ref=1SA_30:22!20|MId=o090300220203|Strong=7998 30 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 31 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=1SA_30:22!21|MId=o090300220211|Strong=0834|Type=relative 31 הִצַּ֑לְנוּ נָצַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=1 29 acl:relcl _ Gloss=we.have.recovered|Ref=1SA_30:22!22|MId=o090300220221|Strong=5337|Frame=AA:090300220031;090300220052;090300220063;090300220101;A0:090300220203;|Type=qatal 32 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ ExtPos=SCONJ 34 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=1SA_30:22!23|MId=o090300220231|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 33 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 32 fixed _ Gloss=(if)|Ref=1SA_30:22!24|MId=o090300220241|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 34 אִ֤ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 ccomp _ Gloss=everyone|Ref=1SA_30:22!25|MId=o090300220251|Strong=0376 35 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_30:22!26|MId=o090300220261|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 36-37 אִשְׁתּוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 אִשְׁתּ אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 34 obj _ Gloss=wife|Ref=1SA_30:22!27|MId=o090300220271|Strong=0802 37 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_30:22!27|MId=o090300220272|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 38-39 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 40 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:22!28|MId=o090300220281|Strong=2050b 39 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=1SA_30:22!28|MId=o090300220282|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 40-41 בָּנָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 בָּנָ֔י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 36 conj _ Gloss=children|Ref=1SA_30:22!29|MId=o090300220291|Strong=1121 41 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=1SA_30:22!29|MId=o090300220292|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 42-43 וְיִנְהֲג֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 43 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:22!30|MId=o090300220301|Strong=2050b 43 יִנְהֲג֖וּ נָהַג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 34 conj _ Gloss=they.will.lead.[them].away|Ref=1SA_30:22!30|MId=o090300220302|Strong=5090|Frame=A0:090300210242;A1:090300220271;090300220291;|Type=yiqtol 44-45 וְיֵלֵֽכוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 45 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=1SA_30:22!31|MId=o090300220311|Strong=2050b 45 יֵלֵֽכוּ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 34 conj _ Gloss=they.will.go|Ref=1SA_30:22!31|MId=o090300220312|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:090300210242;|Type=yiqtol 46 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 45 punct _ Ref=1SA_30:22!31|SpaceAfter=No 47 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 45 punct _ Ref=1SA_30:22!31 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעַן *he answered* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִֽישׁ־ *man* + בְלִיַּעַל *worthlessness* | | | | | הָלְכוּ *they had gone* | qatal · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אִֽישׁ־ *man* + בְלִיַּעַל *worthlessness* | | | | | **not** הָלְכוּ *they went* | qatal · qal | | | | | | **not** נִתֵּן *we will give* | yiqtol · qal | אִֽישׁ־ *man* + בְלִיַּעַל *worthlessness* + אֲנָשִׁים *men* + דָּוִד *David* | | | | | הִצַּלְנוּ *we have recovered* | qatal · hiphil | שָּׁלָל *the booty* | | | אִֽישׁ־ *man* + בְלִיַּעַל *worthlessness* + אֲנָשִׁים *men* + דָּוִד *David* | | יִנְהֲגוּ *they will lead \[them\] away* | yiqtol · qal | | אִשְׁתּ *wife* + בָּנָי *children* | | | | יֵלֵֽכוּ *they will go* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתֵיב כָּל גְבַר בִּישׁ וְרַשִׁיעָא מִגַבְרַיָא דַאֲזַלוּ עִם דָוִד וַאֲמַר חֲלַף דְלָא אֲזַלוּ עִמִי לָא נִתַּן לְהוֹן מֵעֲדָאָה דְשֵׁיזַבְנָא אֱלָהֵין גְבַר יַת אִתְּתֵיהּ וְיַת בְּנוֹהִי וְיִדְבְּרוּן וְיֵזְלוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then answered all the wicked men and base fellows, of those that went with David, and said: 'Because they went not with us, we will not give them aught of the spoil that we have recovered, save to every man his wife and his children, that they may lead them away, and depart.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.871/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:1SA:788`. - ← previous: [1 Samuel 30:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.21/) - next →: [1 Samuel 30:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.30.23/) - ↑ back to [1 Samuel 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA/30/)